Employment of disabled persons in Poland
| Autor | Marzena Szablowska-Juckiewicz |
| Cargo | Ph. D. at Law. Assistant Professor in the Chair of Labour Law Faculty of Law and Administration. Nicolaus Copernicus University |
| Páginas | 110-141 |
Revista Derecho Social y Empresa Suplemento nº 1, Abril 2015
ISSN: 2341-135X págs.110-141
EMPLOYMENT OF DISABLED PERSONS IN
POLAND
MARZENA SZABŁOWSKA-JUCKIEWICZ
Ph. D. at Law. Assistant Professor in the Chair of Labour Law
Faculty of Law and Administration. Nicolaus Copernicus University
Fecha de recepción: 21-09-2014
Fecha de aceptación: 04-10-2014
SUMMARY
: 1. NORMATIVE GROUNDS FOR THE PROTECTION OF
DISABLED PERSONS. 2. DEFINITIONS OF DISABILITY. 3. CERTIFICATES
ATTESTING DISABILITY. 4. PROMOTING THE EMPLOYMENT OF
DISABLED PERSONS. 5. NO DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ON
GROUNDS OF DISABILITY. 6. DAMAGES DUE TO PERSONS
DISCRIMINATED AGAINST IN EMPLOYMENT ON GROUNDS OF
DISABILITY. 7. REASONABLE ACCOMMODATION FOR DISABLED
PERSONS IN THE WORKPLACE. 8. EMPLOYMENT OF DISABLED
PERSONS IN OPEN AND SHELTERED LABOUR MARKET. 8.1. Quota system.
8.2. Employment of disabled persons in public administration. 8.3. Employment of
disabled persons in sheltered and vocational rehabilitation workshops. 8.4. Social
employment of disabled persons. 9. SYSTEM TO SUPPORT THE
EMPLOYMENT OF DISABLED PERSONS FROM PUBLIC FUNDS. 9.1.
Supporting employers of disabled persons with public funds. 9.2. Supporting sheltered
and vocational rehabilitation workshops with public funds. 9.3. Supporting social
cooperatives of disabled persons with public funds. 9.4. Supporting self-employment
of disabled persons with public funds. 10. LABOUR MARKET PARTICIPATION
OF DISABLED PERSONS – STATISTICAL DATA. 11. DISABLED STUDENTS
AND GRADUATES IN POLAND. 11.1. The right to education of disabled persons.
11.2. Organisational assistance for disabled students and doctoral students. 11.3.
Financial assistance for disabled students and doctoral students. 11.4. The role of
higher education institutions in the process of transition of disabled persons from
studies to labour market. 11.4.1. General comments. 11.4.2. The role of student career
offices in occupational activation of disabled students and graduates. 11.4.3. Monitoring
the career of disabled higher education institution graduates. 11.5. Statistical data. 11.5.1.
Disabled students and higher education institution graduates. 11.5.2. Level of education
Marzena Szabłowska-Juckiewicz
Revista Derecho Social y Empresa Suplemento nº 1, Abril 2015
ISSN: 2341-135X pág. 111
and labour market share of disabled persons. 12. CONCLUSIONS. 13.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
RESUMEN
: El presente estudio está dedicado al tema del empleo de personas
con discapacidad en Polonia. La Constitución de la República de Polonia define un
marco de obligaciones para las autoridades públicas (nacionales y locales) en el ámbito
de la protección de los derechos de las personas con discapacidad en materia de
empleo. Las regulaciones específicas en este ámbito están previstas en leyes y
reglamentos. El tipo de soluciones introducidas por el legislador polaco está
notablemente influenciado por los estándares internacionales y de la Unión Europea,
particularmente en lo relativo a la igualdad de trato de las personas con discapacidad
en el empleo, y en la adopción de mejoras razonables para estas personas en su lugar de
trabajo. Los dos problemas fundamentales son la eficacia del sistema polaco de apoyo
al empleo y la rehabilitación profesional de las personas con discapacidad a través de
fondos públicos, y la transición sin problemas de los estudios al mercado laboral para
las personas con discapacidad. Las áreas mencionadas requieren la adopción de
medidas sistémicas.
ABSTRACT
: The study concerns the issue of employing disabled persons in
Poland. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland sets out framework obligations of
public authorities (state and local) in the scope of protecting the rights of disabled
persons in the field of employment. Detailed regulations in this scope are provided for
in acts and regulations. The shape of solutions introduced by the Polish law maker is
considerably influenced by the international and EU norms, in particular the solutions
pertaining to equal treatment of disabled persons in employment and introduction of
reasonable improvements for such persons in the workplace. The two major problems
are the efficiency of the Polish system of support for the employment and vocational
rehabilitation of disabled persons with public funds, and the smooth transition of
disabled persons from studies to the labour market. The above mentioned areas
require taking systemic measures.
PALABRAS CLAVE
: discapacidad, persona con discapacidad, empleo, derecho
laboral, empleado con discapacidad.
KEYWORDS
: disability, disabled person, employment, Labour law; disabled
employee.
Employment of disabled persons in Poland
Revista Derecho Social y Empresa Suplemento nº 1, Abril 2015
ISSN: 2341-135X pág. 112
1. NORMATIVE GROUNDS FOR THE PROTECTION OF D ISABLED
PERSONS
The provision of Article 68(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2
April 1997 reads that public authorities shall ensure special health care to disabled
persons. Whereas under Article 69 of the Constitution, public authorities shall provide
aid to disabled persons to ensure their subsistence, adaptation to work and social
communication. “The aim of public authorities (state and local) is to provide,
wherever possible, conditions enabling disabled persons to earn a livelihood and
participate in social life.”3 Social and professional integration of disabled persons is a
fundamental principle of social policy with respect to this group of persons.4
In Poland, the labour law was codified. The Act of 26 June 1974 – Labour Code
is the most important source of labour law. As emphasised in the literature, “the
Labour Code does not implement the stipulation of codification completeness to a full
extent. [...] Numerous provisions remain outside the Labour Code, which have the lex
specialis character with respect to this act, or are separate provisions systematically
falling within the areas not covered by the codification. (...) Rights and obligations of
employers and employees are provided for (...) not only in the Code, but also in other
acts.”5
The issue of vocational rehabilitation and employment of persons with disabilities
is not regulated under the provisions of the Code. Detailed regulations in this area are
included in the Act of 27 August 1997 on vocational and social rehabilitation and
employment of persons with disabilities and numerous regulations issued under the
authority stipulated in the Act.
The Act of 27 August 1997 on vocational and social rehabilitation and
employment of persons with disabilities specifies, inter alia, the rules of disability
determination for the purposes of vocational rehabilitation and employment (Chapter
II of the Act), additional rights of disabled employees (Chapter IV of the Act), as well
1 P. WINCZOREK, “Komentarz do Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 2 kwietnia
1997 roku”, wydanie 2., Warszawa, 2008, s. 166.
2 B. KOŁACZEK, ”Polityka społeczna wobec osób niepełnosprawnych”, Warszawa, 2010, s.
168.
3 L. FLOREK, “Prawo pracy”, wydanie 14, Warszawa 2012, s. 27-29.
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