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Recommendation N°24. The nanotechnologies

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Vincent
Páginas163-165

Page 163

  1. Guiding principles

  2. Need for balance

  3. Potential risks

  4. Precautionary approach

  5. Risks assessment

  6. Cooperation between States

  7. Transboundary movements

  8. Traceability

  9. Information obligations

1. Guiding principles

The Rio Declaration on the Environment and Development has adopted several principles that must guide any regulation on the emerging technologies, and more specifically :

- Cooperation. "States should cooperate to strengthen endogenous capacity-building for sustainable development by improving scientific understanding through exchanges of scientific and technological knowledge, and by enhancing the development, adaptation, diffusion and transfer of technologies, including new and innovative technologies" (Principle 9)

- Participation. "Environmental issues are best handled with the participation of all concerned citizens, at the relevant level. At the national level, each individual shall have appropriate access to information concerning the environment that is held by public authorities, including information on hazardous materials and activities in their communities, and the opportunity to participate in decision-making processes. States shall facilitate and encourage public awareness and participation by making information widely available (...)" (Principle 10)

- Precautionary approach. "In order to protect the environment, the precautionary approach shall be widely applied by States according to their capability. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation" (Principle 15)

- Polluter pays principle. "National authorities should endeavour to promote the internalization of environmental costs and the use of economic instruments, taking into account the approach that the polluter should, in Principle, bear the cost of pollution, with due regard to the public interest and without distorting international trade and investment" (Principle 16)

- Preventive action. "Environmental impact assessment, as a national instrument, shall be undertaken for proposed activities that are likely to have a significant adverse impact on...

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