Legitimación y límites del ius puniendi
| Autor | Fernando Santa Cecilia García |
| Cargo del Autor | Académico C. RAJyL |
| Páginas | 249-273 |
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vctkq350"Wp"ugevqt"fg"nc"fqevtkpc"rncpvgc"nqu"nokvgu"fgn"fgtgejq"c"ecuvkict
eqortgpfkgpfq"gzenwukxcogpvg"nqu"tghgtkfqu"c"nc"vkvwnctkfcf"fgn"Guvcfq."
fgn"fgtgejq"okuoq"{"c"nc"cevwcek„p"fg"nc"rtgvgpuk„p"rwpkvkxc"*hcewnvcf"
fgn"Guvcfq"c"nc"crnkecek„p"{"glgewek„p"fg"ncu"rgpcu+360"Qvtq"ugevqt"oc{q/
tkvctkq."cornkc"nqu"nokvgu"fgn"ius puniendi."tgÝ"tkfipfqug"cfkekqpcnogpvg"
c"nc"hcewnvcf"q"fgtgejq"fgn"Guvcfq"c"fkevct"pqtocu"rgpcngu."rqt"oƒu"swg"
uwrqpic"fgudqtfct"gn"ƒodkvq"fg"pwguvtc"fkuekrnkpc370"["fkuvkpiwgp"gpvtg"
nokvgu"hqtocngu"*nullum"crimen+"{"qvtqu"ocvgtkcngu"q"rqnvkeq"etkokpcngu"
*kpvgtxgpek„p"opkoc."fgn"jgejq."rtqvgeek„p"fg"dkgpgu"lwtfkequ."ewnrc/
dknkfcf380"Cjqtc"dkgp."nqu"hcevqtgu"swg"eqpÝ"gtgp"gurgekcn"tgngxcpekc"cn"
guvwfkq"fg"nqu"nokvgu"fgn"ius puniendi"uqp."fg"wpc"rctvg."Ðnqu"ftƒuvkequ"
ghgevqu"fg"nc"kpvgtxgpek„p"rgpcn
{"nqu"gngxcfukoqu"equvgu"uqekcngu"fg"nc"ektwic"rgpcnÑ="{"fg"qvtc."nc"xq/
ecek„p"kpvgtxgpekqpkuvc."eqfkekquc."cttqnncfqtc"g"korctcdng"fgn"ÐGuvcfq"
uqekcn."swg"rqvgpekc"nc"rtgugpekc"fg"fiuvg"{"gn"gorngq"fg"vqfc"uwgtvg"fg"og/
fkqu"gÝ"ecegu"rctc"tguqnxgt"nqu"eqpÞ"kevqu"{"fktkikt"gn"fgxgpkt"jkuv„tkeqÑ390
Gn"rtqdngoc"fg"nqu"nokvgu"fgn"ius puniendi"rtgqewrc."{"rtgqewrc"
eqp"tc¦„p."rqtswg"gn"Guvcfq"uqekcn"fg"pwguvtq"vkgorq"vkgpg"wpc"fgenctcfc"
xqecek„p"kpvgtxgpekqpkuvc0"[."uqdtg"vqfq."rqtswg"nc"kpvgtxgpek„p"rgpcn"
gu."ukgortg."wpc"kpvgtxgpek„p"vtcwoƒvkec."fqnqtquc."tguvtkevkxc."eqp"gng/
xcfukoqu"equvgu"uqekcngu0"Fwtcpvg"owejq"vkgorq"rtgqewr„"hwpfcogpvct"
ÎngikvkoctÎ"nc"kpvgtxgpek„p"rgpcn0"Pq"fgdkgpfq"qnxkfct"swg"nc"tc¦„p"fg"
ugt"fgn"rtkpekrkq"fg"ngicnkfcf"gtc"gxkvct"nc"ctdkvtctkgfcf"lwfkekcn."qrvƒp/
fqug"rqt"l’arbitraire légal"gp"d¿uswgfc"fg"nc"ugiwtkfcf"lwtfkec0"Rgtq"guc"
curktcek„p."ogvc."kfgcn"kpcnecp¦cdng"fg"nc"ugiwtkfcf"lwtfkec"cduqnwvc."pq"
gu"rqukdng"{"uktxg"fg"rqeq"Ðsi no anida en el corazón del intérprete y del
35" Xkf0."OKT"RWKI."U0."El Derecho penal en el Estado social y democrƒtico de Dere-
cho."3²"gfkek„p0"Gfkvqtkcn"Ctkgn"Fgtgejq0"Dctegnqpc."3;;6."rr0"37;"{"uu0="UCPVC"EGEKNKC"
ICTEëC."H0."Crisis del principio de legalidad È."qd0"ekv0."r0"48;0
36" Cu."TQFTëIWG¥"FGXGUC."LO²01UGTTCPQ"IïOG¥."C0."Derecho penal espa‚ol0."
qd0"ekv0."rr0"63"{"uu0
37" Eht0."TQFTëIWG¥"FGXGUC."LO²01UGTTCPQ"IïOG¥."C0."Derecho penal espa‚ol."
qd0"ekv0."r0"630
38" Xkf0."ICTEëC"RCDNQU"FG"OQNKPC."C0."Introducci„n al Derecho penal"È"qd0"
ekv0."rr0"697"{"uu0
39" Xkf0."ICTEëC"RCDNQU"FG"OQNKPC."C0."Introducci„n al Derecho penal"È"qd0."
ekv0."r0"696="UCPVC"EGEKNKC"ICTEëC."H0."Crisis del principio de legalidad"È"qd0"ekv0."
rr0"48:"{"48;0
477
Legitimación y límites del ius puniendi
juez en el momento de la interpretación de la leyÑ3:0"Jq{"kpvgtguc."uqogvgt"
nc"kpvgtxgpek„p"rgpcn"c"nokvgu"enctqu"{"ghgevkxqu."gurgekcnogpvg"htgpvg"
c"ncu"cttqnncfqtcu"vgpfgpekcu"rtkxcvk¦cfqtcu
ugpvgpekc"fg"eqphqtokfcf."plea bargaining"pqtvgcogtkecpc."pq"fgdkgpfq"
qnxkfct"nc"pcvwtcng¦c"r¿dnkec"fgn"Fgtgejq"Rgpcn."eqoq"gp"uw"oqogpvq"
ewguvkqpctc"wp"ugevqt"fg"nc"fqevtkpc"rtqegucn."gp"ocvgtkc"fg"fgnkvqu"rtk/
xcfqu3;0"Gp"fgÝ"pkvkxc."ug"vtcvc"fg"tcekqpcnk¦ct"nc"kpvgtxgpek„p"rgpcn."rwgu"
uqnq"fg"guvg"oqfq"ecdg"ngikvkoctnc0
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ÅHQTOCNÇ"FGN"IUS PUNIENDI
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nkokvcfqt"fgn"kwu"rwpkgpfk"guvcvcn0"Ug"vtcvc"fg"wp"nokvg"hqtocn"Ðrqtswg"
chgevc"pq"vcpvq"cn"eqpvgpkfq"okuoq"fgn"rqfgt"rwpkvkxq"fgn"Guvcfq"eqoq"
c"uwu"rtguwrwguvqu"{"eqpfkekqpgu"fg"glgtekekqÑ."ncu"fkxgtucu"ictcpvcu"
swg"kornkec"guvg"rtkpekrkq"*lex previa, lex certa, lex scripta, lex stricta+"
Ðvtc¦cp"gn"octeq"fg"cevwcek„p"fg"cswfin."uwu"eqpvqtpqu"{"htqpvgtcuÑ420"Gn"
3:" Xkf0."TQFTëIWG¥"FGXGUC."LO²01UGTTCPQ"IïOG¥."C0."Derecho penal"È"RI0. "
qd0"ekv0."rr00"398"{"3990
3;" Xkf0."IWCUR"FGNICFQ."L0."El individuo y la persona0"Tgxkuvc"fg"Fgtgejq"Rtkxcfq."
3;72."rr0"5"{"uu0
42" Xkf0"ICTEKC"RCDNQU"FG"OQNKPC."C0."Introducci„n al Derecho penal."qd0"ekv0."r0"
6970"Gn"qtkigp"fgn"rtkpekrkq"fg"ngicnkfcf"guvƒ"Ðgp"gn"cpjgnq"fg"nc"ugiwtkfcf"lwtfkec"swg"ug"jc"
fcfq"gp"vqfqu"nqu"rwgdnqu."gurgekcnogpvg"gp"ocvgtkc"rgpcn="{c"swg"gu"fiuvc"nc"rqvguvcf"oƒu"
rgnkitquc"gp"ocpqu"fg"wp"Guvcfq"cduqnwvqÑ."xkf0"NCPFGEJQ"XGNCUEQ."EO²01OQNKPC"
DNC¥SWG¥."E0."Derecho Penal Espa‚ol."RI."Tgfcevcfq"eqphqtog"cn"pwgxq"E„fkiq"Rgpcn"
fg"45"fg"pqxkgodtg"fg"3;;7.":²"gfke0."Gfkv0"Vgepqu."Ocftkf."4232."rr0"343"{"uu0"Pq"qduvcpvg"
uwu"rtgegfgpvgu"jkuv„tkequ" oƒu"q"ogpqu"tgoqvqu."rwgfg" cÝ" toctug"swg"nc"hqtowncek„p"fg"
fkejq"rtkpekrkq"pceg"eqp"nc"Knwuvtcek„p" eqoq"kpjgtgpvg"cn"Guvcfq"fg"Fgtgejq"{"vtkwphq"fg"
nc"Tgxqnwek„p"Htcpeguc0"Guvg"rtkpekrkq"pq"hwg"ceqikfq"rqt"gn"Fgtgejq"Tqocpq."uk"dkgp."nqu"
Lwtkueqpuwnvqu"tqocpqu"ukpvkgtqp"{c"nc"pgegukfcf"fg"nkokvct"gn"ctdkvtkq"lwfkekcnOptima est
lex, “quae minimun arbitrio iudicis relinquit”0"Vcorqeq"gp"gn"Fgtgejq"igtoƒpkeq."pk"gp"gn"
ecp„pkeq0"Uqncogpvg"gpeqpvtcoqu"gn"rtkogt"cpvgegfgpvg"gp"gn"Fgtgejq"kpinfiu."gp"nc"Ocipc"
Ejctvc"Nkdgtvcvwo"fgn"Tg{"Lwcp"Ukp"Vkgttc"gp"3437."fqpfg"ug"rtqjkdg"nc"crnkecek„p"fg"ncu"
rgpcu"c"nqu"jqodtgu" nkdtgu"ÐNullus liber homo capiatur vel imprisonetur aut dissaisiatur
aut utlegatur aut exuletur aut aliquo modo destruatur nec super eum ibimus nec super
eum mittemus nisi per legale iudicium parium suorum vel per legem terrae”. Pq"qduvcpvg"
vcn"cÝ"tocek„p."EQDQ" FGN"TQUCN."O01XKXGU"CPVQP."VU0."cfxkgtvgp" swg"Ð*000+"ugtc"
Fernando Santa Cecilia García
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gpic‚quq"ukvwct"gp"guvg"vgzvq"uw"rtkogtc"hqtowncek„p0"["gnnq."pq"vcpvq"rqt"ncu"tc¦qpgu"fgfw/
ekfcu"fg"nc"pcvwtcng¦c"hgwfcn"fg"fkejq"fqewogpvq."ukpq"rqtswg."jkuv„tkecogpvg."gn"rtkpekrkq"
fg"ngicnkfcf."vcn"{"eqoq"gu"gpvgpfkfq"gp"gn"Fgtgejq"rgpcn"eqpvkpgpvcn."pq"fgtkxc"fg"fin0"Gp"
nc"Ocipc"Ectvc" rwgfg"jcnnctug"gn"qtkigp" fg"nc"nncocfc"Ðrule of lawÑ" rtqrkc"fgn"Fgtgejq"
cpinqucl„p"swg."uk"vkgpg"ekgtvq"rctcngnq"eqp" gn"rtkpekrkq"fg"ngicnkfcf."pq"fglc"fg"rtgugpvct"
korqtvcpvgu"tcuiqu" fkhgtgpekcnu0"Gp"ghgevq."okgpvtcu" gn"rtkpekrkq"fg" ngicnkfcf."vtcfweg"gn"
rtgfqokpkq"fg" nc"Ng{" uqdtg"nqu" lwgegu."nc" Ðrule of lawÑ"tgrtgugpvc." hwpfcogpvcnogpvg."
wpc"ictcpvc"lwtkufkeekqpcn0"Fkejc"rgewnkctkfcf"fgtkxc"fg" ncu"ectcevgtuvkecu"fgn"fgucttqnnq"
jkuv„tkeq"fgn" Fgtgejq"cpinqucl„p"*rgtrgvwcfcu" gp"gn"ukuvgoc" pqtvgcogtkecpq+."gp"gn" swg"
nc"Ðng{"fg" nc"vkgttcÑ."hwpfcfc" gp"gn"Fgtgejq"pcvwtcn" {"crnkecfc"rqt" nqu"lwgegu"qtfkpctkqu."
nngic"c"guvct" rqt"gpekoc"fgn"Fgtgejq" guvcvwvctkq."etgcfq"rqt"gn"Rctncogpvq0" Rwgfg."rwgu."
cÝ"toctug"swg"gn"rtkpekrkq" fg"ngicnkfcf"gu"wpc" etgcek„p"fgn"rgpucokgpvq"knwuvtcfq." ew{cu"
rtkogtcu"ocpkhguvcekqpgu"rqukvkxcu"crctgegp" wnvgtkqtogpvg."eqp"nc"Tgxqnwek„p"htcpegucÑ."
Derecho Penal0"RI0" qd0"ekv0."r0" 8:="EQDQ" FGN"TQUCN."O0." Principio de legalidad y
Ministerio Fiscal."gp"Ewcfgtpqu"fg" Rqnvkec"EtkokpcnÓ."p¿o0"4."Ocftkf."3;99." r0"46"{"uu0"
Gp"pwguvtqu"cpvkiwqu" Qtfgpcokgpvqu"fg"Eqtvgu"ug" jcnncp"htgewgpvgu"fkurqukekqpgu"fg" nqu"
oqpctecu"kortgipcfcu"eqp"octecfq"ugpvkfq"fg"ngicnkfcf." swg"rtqjkdgp"{"ecuvkicp"ocvct."
nkukct"pk"vqoct"equc"cniwpc"c"nqu"ocnjgejqtgu."jcuvc"swg"pq"ugcp"qfqu"{"lw¦icfqu"eqphqtog"
c"nc"ng{."cu"gp"nqu"Qtfgpcokgpvqu"fg"ncu"Eqtvgu"fg"Xcnncfqnkf"fg"34;5."ncu"Eqtvgu"fg"Dwtiqu"
fg"3523."ncu" fg"Ogfkpc"fg" 3525."fg"Xcnncfqnkf"3547."q" gn"Fgetgvq"fg"Cnhqpuq"ZK" gp"ncu"
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fg"ngicnkfcf"swg"ug"fguvcec"rctvkewnctogpvg"gp"nc"Eqorkncek„p"fg"Jwguec"gp"gn"c‚q"34690"
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fg"39:90"Nc" Fgenctcek„p"fg"nqu" fgtgejqu"fgn"jqodtg"{" fgn"ekwfcfcpq"fg"39:;" cuwog"nc"
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cpvgtkqt"cn"fgnkvq" {"ngicnogpvg"crnkecfcÑ+"{" gn"nkdgtcnkuoq"rgpcn"jc" nngxcfq"c"uw"gzvtgoq"
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nc"ictcpvc" rgpcn"ug"kpenw{„"gp" vqfcu"ncu"Eqpuvkvwekqpgu 3:34."3:59."3:67." 3:8;."3:98."
3;53"{"3;9:0"Uqdtg"guvc"ocvgtkc"xficugEl principio
“Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine previa lege” en los Fueros de Arag„n."Ugrctcvc"fgn"
ÐJqogpclg"c" nc"ogoqtkc" fg"Fqp" Lwcp"OqpgxcÑ0" ¥ctciq¦c="UVCORC"DTCWP."LO²0."
Introducci„n a la ciencia del Derecho Penal."Xcnncfqnkf."3;75."rr0"396"{"uu0="ECOCTIQ"
JGTPCPFG¥."E0."El principio de legalidad de los delitos y de las penas."gp"Tgxkuvc" fg"
nc"Hcewnvcf"fg"Fgtgejq"fg"nc"Wpkxgtukfcf"Eqornwvgpug"fg"Ocftkf."Xqn0"KKK."p¿o0"7."3;7;="
fgn"okuoq"cwvqt."Introducci„n al estudio del Derecho Penal."Gfkv0"Dquej0"Dctegnqpc."3;86."
r0"344"{"uu0="EWGNNQ"ECNQP."G01ECOCTIQ"JGTPCPFG¥."E0."Derecho Penal."RI0"
479
Legitimación y límites del ius puniendi
ukipkÝ"ecfq"cevwcn"fgn"rtkpekrkq"fg"ngicnkfcf"eqpukuvg"gp"rtqencoct"gn"im-
perium"fg"nc"ng{."nc"vqvcn"uwrtgocec"fg"nc"ng{"{"gn"uqogvkokgpvq"fg"vqfqu"
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kpewttktc"gp"wpc"ngevwtc"hqtocnkuvc"kpcfokukdng."swg"fguxktvwctc"gn"ukipk/
Ý"ecfq"rqnvkeq"fgn"nullum crimen0"Rqtswg"uk"nc"ng{"pq"gzrtguc"nc"xqnwpvcf"
fg"nc"oc{qtc"uqekcn."nc"xqnwpvcf"rqrwnct."ukpq"nc"fgn"Rtpekrg"q"Uqdgtcpq."
nc"fg"nc"okpqtc"swg"eqpvtqnc"gn"Dqngvp"QÝ"ekcn"fgn"Guvcfq."nc"uwrtgocec"
fg"nc"ng{"{"gn"uqogvkokgpvq"fg"vqfqu"c"nc"okuoc"fglc"fg"ugt"wpc"ictcpvc"
fgn"ekwfcfcpqÑ430"Nc"fqevtkpc"jc"fkuvkpiwkfq."gpvtg"vgpqt"nkvgtcn"{"ukipkÝ"/
ecfq"gugpekcn"fgn"rtkpekrkq"fg"ngicnkfcf440"Gn"rtkogtq."kornkec"nc"gzkuvgp/
ekc"fg"wpc"tgugtxc"uwuvcpekcn"{"cduqnwvc"fg"ng{"swg"cdctec"c"nc"vqv cnkf cf"fg "
nc"ocvgtkc"tgncvkxc"c"nc"fgÝ"pkek„p"fg"nqu"fgnkvqu"{"cn"guvcdngekokgpvq"fg"ncu"
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pk"qvtcu"ucpekqpgu"swg"ncu"fguetkvcu"rtgxkcogpvg"rqt"nc"ng{="gn"ugiwpfq."
eqorqtvc"o¿nvkrngu"gzkigpekcu"ocvgtkcngu."tgncvkxcu"cn"ÐquomodoÑ"fg"nc"
ngikuncek„p"rgpcn45."cu"ncu"fg"enctkfcf"{"vczcvkxkfcf"gp"nc"fgvgtokpcek„p"
fg"ncu"eqpfwevcu"rtqjkdkfcu"{"fg"ncu"ucpekqpgu"crnkecdngu."swg"eqpuvkvw{gp"
eqpfkekqpgu"kortguekpfkdngu"fg"nc"ugiwtkfcf"lwtfkec460"Eqpuvkvw{g"gp"nc"
qd0"ekv0." r0"42;=" TQFTKIWG¥"OQWTWNNQ."I0." Principio de legalidad."gp" PGL0"Ugkz"
ZKX."rr0"::4"{"uu0"{"Delito y pena en la Jurisprudencia Constitucional."qd0" ekv0."rr0"45"{"
uu0"Nc"tgceek„p"fgn"rwgdnq"htgpvg"c"nqu"gpqtogu"cdwuqu"fgtkxcfqu"fgn"fguoguwtcfq"ctdkvtkq"
lwfkekcn."rctvkewnctogpvg"fwtcpvg"gn"Ukinq"ZXKK." eqp"ƒpkoq"fg"uwuvtcgt"c"nqu"ekwfcfcpqu"c"
rgpcnkfcfgu"swg"nc" eqpekgpekc"uqekcn"tgejc¦cdc"rqt"uw" fwtg¦c."jk¦q"swg"nqu" oqxkokgpvqu"
knwokpkuvcu."dclq"nc"fghgpuc" fg"nqu"fgtgejqu"fgn"jqodtg" {"cvgpfkgpfq"cn"rtkpekrkq"fg" swg"
Ðugt"nkdtg"ukipkÝ"ec"pq"fgrgpfgt"fg"pcfkg."pcfc"oƒu"swg"fg"nc"ng{Ñ."eqpukiwkgtcp"gn"vtkwphq"
fg"fkejc"Tgxqnwek„p0" Eqoq"eqpugewgpekc"fg" guvg"ecodkq"rqnvkeq"uqekcn." gn"rwgdnq"rcuc"
c"ugt"fg" wp"Ðogtq"kpuvtwogpvqÑ"fgn" rqfgt"cduqnwvq"c"ÐrctvekrgÑ"fg" fkejq"rqfgt."eqpvtq/
ncpfq"uw"glgtekekq."gzkikgpfq"wpcu"ÐictcpvcuÑ"{"gn" imperium"fg"nc"ng{"eqoq"gzrtguk„p"fg"
nc"xqnwpvcf"rqrwnct0"Xkf0"ICTEKC"RCDNQU"FG"OQNKPC."C0."Introducci„n al Derecho
penal0"qd0"ekv0."r0"6980
43" Xkf0."ICTEëC"RCDNQU"FG"OQNKPC."C0."Introducci„n al Derecho penal."qd0"ekv0."
r0"6990
44" Xkf0."DGNKPI."G0."Il signiÝ cato del principio: nulla poena sine lege poenali nella
determinazione dei concetti fondamentali di Diritto Penale."gp"I0r0"xqn0"ZZZXKK0"Tqoc."
3;53."r0"53;0
45" Xkf0"EQDQ"FGN"TQUCN."O01XKXGU"CPVQP."VU0."Derecho Penal."RI0."7²"gfke0."
Xcngpekc."3;;;."qd0"ekv0."rr0"92"{"uu0
46" Gp"qrkpk„p"fg"EQDQ" FGN"TQUCN."O01XKXGU"CPVQP."VU0."rctc"swg"rwgfc"jc/
dnctug"fg"Ðugiwtkfcf" lwtfkec."gu"rtgekuq."cfgoƒu."swg" ug"jc{c"fgvgtokpcfq"fg" cpvgocpq"
swfi"eqpfwevcu"eqpuvkvw{gp" fgnkvqu"{"ewƒngu" pq."{"swfi"rgpcu" uqp"crnkecdngu"gp"ecfc "ecuq0"
Fernando Santa Cecilia García
47:
cevwcnkfcf"gn"rtkpekrkq"fg"ngicnkfcf"Ðwpc"ictcpvc"hwpfcogpvcn"rctc"nc"
nkdgtvcf"fg"nqu"kpfkxkfwqu"ogfkcpvg"nc"tgcnk¦cek„p"fg"wp"ukuvgoc"rgpcn"
swg"gxkvg"nc"ctdkvtctkgfcf"guvcvcnÑ470"Rqt"gnnq"gn"nullum crimen"gzrtguc"nc"
tgceek„p"knwuvtcfc"eqpvtc"gn"ius incertum."eqpvtc"nc"inseguridad jurídica"{"
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citcxcek„p"fg"ncu"rgpcuÑ=" Derecho Penal"RI0Ó."7²"gfke."Xcngpekc."3;;;."qd0"ekv0."rr0" 93"{"
uu0"Gn"rtkpekrkq"fg"ngicnkfcf"eqorqtvc"cfgoƒu"nc"gzkigpekc"fg"vkrkekfcf."xcnqt"hwpekqpcn"{"
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uwu"eqpugewgpekcu+0"Eht0"OKT"RWKI."U0."Derecho Penal"RI0."5²"gfkek„p0"Dctegnqpc."3;;2."
rr0":5"{":6="fgn"okuoq"cwvqt."Derecho Penal"RI."6²"gfkek„p."eqttgikfc"{"rwguvc"cn"fc"eqp"
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enctkfcf."egtvg¦c"{"nokvgu"rtgekuqu"gp"nc"kpvgtxgpek„p"fgn"Guvcfq0"Xkf0"ICTEKC"RCDNQU"
FG"OQNKPC."C0."Introducci„n al Derecho penal0"qd0"ekv0."rr0"699" {"69:="TQFTKIWG¥"
OQWTWNNQ."I0."El principio de legalidad."gp"PGL0" qd0"ekv0."r0"::8="{."Delito y pena en
la Jurisprudencia Constitucional."qd0"ekv0."r0"450
47" Xkf0"OCFTKF" EQPGUC."H0."La legalidad del delito." Eqngeek„p"fg" Guvwfkqu"fgn"
Kpuvkvwvq"fg"Etkokpqnqikc0"Xcngpekc."3;:5."rr0"7"{"uu0
48" Xkf0."ICTEëC"RCDNQU" FG"OQNKPC."C0." Kpvtqfweek„p"cn" Fgtgejq"rgpcn." qd0"
ekv0."r0"69:=" TQFTëIWG¥"OQWTWNNQ."I0."El principio de legalidad." qd0"ekv0."r0" ::8="
EWGNNQ"EQPVTGTCU."L0." Derecho penal espa‚ol."Ewtuq"fg"kpkekcek„p0"RI0"Pqekqpgu"
Kpvtqfwevqtkcu0"Vgqtc"fgn"fgnkvq130"4²" gfkek„p0"Gfkvqtkcn"Ekxkvcu0"Ocftkf." 3;;8."rr0"367"{"
uu0="FKG¥"TKRQNN¡U." LN0."swkgp"rqpg"fg" ocpkÝ" guvq"swg"pwguvtc"uqekgfcf" cevwcn"pq"rc/
tgeg"eqpoqxgtug"rqt"gn"rtqitgukxq"uqecxcokgpvq"fgn"rtkpekrkq"fg"ngicnkfcf"hqtocn."gp" La
racionalidad de las leyes penales0"Gfkvqtkcn"Vtqvvc0"3²"gfkek„p0"Ocftkf."4225."rr0"369"{"uu0"
{"4²"gfkek„p."Rtƒevkec"{"vgqtc0"Ocftkf." 4235="DWGPQ"CTòU."H0."La ciencia del Derecho
47;
Legitimación y límites del ius puniendi
Nc"hqtowncek„p"cevwcn"fgn"rtkpekrkq"nullum crimen nulla poena sine
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pq"rwgfg"ugt"ukpq"eqpugewgpekc"fg"wpc"Ng{"rwguvq"swg"gn"Ý"p"fg"nc"cog/
pc¦c"gu"gxkvct"ncu"ngukqpgu"fgn"fgtgejq"rqt"ogfkq"fg"nc"kpvkokfcek„p"fg"
vqfqu"cswfinnqu"swg"rqfcp"eqogvgt"vcngu"ngukqpgu"{"ocn"rqftc"hwpekqpct"
gn"ogecpkuoq"kpvkokfcvqtkq"fg"nc"cogpc¦c"rgpcn."ukp"swg"rtgxkcogpvg"
pq"ug"jcnnctcp"rtgxkuvcu"ncu"eqpfwevcu"swg"ug"rtgvgpfgp"gxkvct"fg"hqtoc"
enctc."r¿dnkec"{"guvcdngekfcu"rqt"ogfkq"fg"nc"Ng{0"Cfgoƒu"ÐGn"lwg¦"pq"
rqugg"pkpiwpc"qvtc"tginc"xkpewncpvg"swg"nc"ng{Ñ52."fgnkokvcpfq"nqu"vkrqu"
{"eqpetgvcpfq"nqu"ecuqu"fg"cevwcek„p"fgn"qtfgpcokgpvq"lwtfkeq"rqukvkxq"
penal: un modelo de inseguridad jurdica."Gfkvqtkcn"Vjqouqp"Ekxkvcu0"Ewcfgtpqu"Ekxkvcu0"
Pcxcttc."42270"rr0"52"{"uu0
49" Rgug"c" nc"xguvkogpvc"ncvkpc" guvg"rtkpekrkq"pq" gu"fg"qtkigp" tqocpq0"Gp"gn" Fgtgejq"
tqocpq"gn" rtgvqt"guvwxq"cwvqtk¦cfq" c"lw¦ict"ad exemplum legis0" Ug"vtcvc"fg" wp"gttqt" gp"
swg"kpewttk„"gn"Okpkuvtq"fg"lwuvkekc"rtwukcpq"Mgttn"gp"uw"hcoquc"Ogoqtkc"*Denkschrift des
Preussischen Justizministers."r0"349+0"Nc"tgevkÝ"ecek„p"jc"ukfq"jgejc"rqt"nc"fqevtkpc"cngocpc
xkf0"JGPMGN."X0.Strafrichter und Gesetz im neuen Staat."Jcodwtiq."3;56."r0"340
4:" Ugi¿p"guvg" cwvqt"nqu"oƒu" gngxcfqu"rtkpekrkqu" fgn"Fgtgejq"Rgpcn" uqp
rqukek„p"fg"wpc"rgpc"rtguwrqpg" wpc"ng{"rgpcn"*Nulla poena sine lege+0"KK0"Nc"korqukek„p"
fg"wpc"rgpc"guvƒ"eqpfkekqpcfc"rqt"nc" gzkuvgpekc"fg"wpc"ceek„p"eqpokpcfc"eqp"gnnc"*Nulla
poena sine crimine+0"KKK0"Gn" jgejq"eqpokpcfq"rqt"wpc" ng{"guvƒ"eqpfkekqpcfq"rqt"nc" rgpc"
ngicn"*Nullum crimen sine poena legali+."Lehrbuch des gemeinen in Deutschland g¯ltigen
peinlichen Rechts."30"CwÞ"cig."3:23."¸"45."{"340"CwÞ"cig."Ikguugp."3:58."r0"4;0
4;" Xkf0"HGWGTDCEJ."C0."Lehrbuch"000"."qd0"ekv0."¸"450
52" Gp"guvqu"vfitokpqu"ug"jc"rtqpwpekcfq"gn"Vtkdwpcn"Eqpuvkvwekqpcn"Gurc‚qn"gp"Ugpvgpekc"
fg";"lwnkq"3;:60"Gp"gn"ƒodkvq"fg"nc"ukuvgoƒvkec"rgpcn"ug"jc"eqpxgtvkfq"rqt"qdtc"fg"DGNKPI."
guvg"rtkpekrkq" gp"wpqu" fg"nqu"ectcevgtgu" gugpekcngu"fgn" fgnkvq."nc"tipicidad," swg"c¿pc" ncu"
gzkigpekcu"rqnvkecu" {"vfiepkecu"fgtkxcfcu" fgn"rtkpekrkq" fg"ngicnkfcf."dkgp" ug"gpvkgpfc"gp"
gn"ugpvkfq"rtkoctkq" fg"DGNKPI"eqp"kpfgrgpfgpekc" cduqnwvc"fg"nqu"fgoƒu" ectcevgtgu"fgn"
fgnkvq."dkgp"ug"guvkog"eqoq"nc" ratio cognoscendi"fg"nc"cpvklwtkekfcf0"Xkf0"OC[GT"O0"G0."
Der Allgemeiner Teil des Deutschen Strafrechts."Jgkfgndgti."3;47."r0"46"{" uu0."{c"ug"eqp/
Ý"iwtg"eqoq"gp"nc"rquvwtc"gzvtgoc"fg"ratio essendi"fg"nc"okuoc="OG¥IGT"G0."Tratado de
Derecho penal."4²"gf0"tgxkucfc"{"rwguvc"cn"fc"rqt"TQFTKIWG¥"OW¢Q¥"L0"C0."Gfkvqtkcn"
Tgxkuvc"fg" Fgtgejq"Rtkxcfq."Ocftkf."3;68." Vqoq"K." rr0"547"{" uu0."q"eqoq"uwdgngogpvq"
fg"nc"rwpkdknkfcf="IWCNNCTV"L0."El principio “Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine praevia
lege”."gp"Jqogpclg"c"Oqpgxc."¥ctciq¦c"3;79."rr0"46"{"uu0
Fernando Santa Cecilia García
482
nq"swg"jc"uwrwguvq"gn"vtƒpukvq"fg"wp"Fgtgejq"Rgpcn"dcucfq"gp"enc¿uwncu"
igpgtcngu"Ðad exemplumÑ"c"wp"Fgtgejq"Rgpcn"fg"vkrkekfcfgu"eqpetgvcu."
fg"Ðnumerus claususÑ530
C"rguct"fg"nq"cpvgtkqt"uw"tgiwncek„p"gp"pwguvtq"Fgtgejq"gu"guecuc."
rctekcn"g"kpucvkuhcevqtkc540"Gp"cniwpcu"qecukqpgu"guvg"rtkpekrkq"ug"jc"qd/
vgpkfq"fg"oqfq"kornekvq"q"rqt"fgfweek„p"fgn"Fgtgejq"rqukvkxq."fcpfq"
nwict"c"wpc"Ðrtczku"kplwuvkhkecfc"g"kpcegrvcdngÑ55="gp"qvtcu"ogfkcpvg"
53" Xkf0"DGNKPI."Il signiÝ cato del principio “nulla poena sine lege penali’ nella deter-
minazione dei concetti fondamentali di Diritto Penale."gp"Ikwuvk¦kc"Rgpcng."rctvg"rtkogtc."
rr0"53;"{"5420
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tghgtgpekc"gzrtguc" cn"rtkpekrkq"fg" ngicnkfcf0"Uqdtg"guvc" kpvqngtcdng"qokuk„p."xkf0"EQDQ"
FGN"TQUCN."O01XKXGU"CPVQP."VU0."Derecho Penal"RI0"qd0"ekv."rr0"97"{"uu0="ICTEKC"
RCDNQU"FG"OQNKPC."C0."Introducci„n al Derecho penal."qd0"ekv0."rr0"6:4"{"uu0"Gpvtg"qvtqu"
rtgegrvqu"eqpuvkvwekqpcngu"fgdgoqu"fguvcect"nqu"ukiwkgpvgu3030"fg"nc"Eqpuvkvwek„p"
Gurc‚qnc"fg"3;9:ÐGurc‚c"ug"eqpuvkvw{g"gp"wp"Guvcfq"uqekcn"{"fgoqetƒvkeq"fg"Fgtgejq."swg"
rtqrwipc"eqoq"xcnqtgu"uwrgtkqtgu"fg"uw"qtfgpcokgpvq"lwtfkeq"nc"nkdgtvcf."nc"lwuvkekc"*000+Ñ0"
Gn"ctvewnq"47030"E0G0rwgfg"ugt"eqpfgpcfq"q"ucpekqpcfq"rqt"ceekqpgu"w"qokukqpgu"
swg"gp"gn"oqogpvq"fg" rtqfwektug"pq"eqpuvkvw{cp"fgnkvq."hcnvc"q"kphtceek„p"cfokpkuvtcvkxc."
ugi¿p"nc"ngikuncek„p" xkigpvg"gp"cswgn" oqogpvqÑ0"Rqt"uw"rctvg" gn"ctvewnq";050"fgn" okuoq"
ewgtrq"ngicn
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fg"fgtgejqu"kpfkxkfwcngu." nc"ugiwtkfcf"lwtfkec."nc"tgurqpucdknkfcf" {"nc"kpvgtfkeek„p"fg"nc"
ctdkvtctkgfcf"fg"nqu"rqfgtgu"r¿dnkequÑ0"Qvtqu"rtgegrvqu"eqoq" gn"ctvewnq"339050"{"gn"46"fg"
nc"Ng{"Hwpfcogpvcn."eqpuvkvw{gp"nc"ictcpvc"lwtkufkeekqpcn0"Xkf0"uqdtg"guvg"rctvkewnct"OKT"
RWKI."U0."Derecho Penal."RI0."*Hwpfcogpvqu"{"vgqtc"fgn"fgnkvq+."5²"gfkek„p0"Gfkvqtkcn"RRW."
Dctegnqpc."3;;2."r0":9="fgn"okuoq"cwvqt."Derecho Penal"RI0."6²"gfkek„p0"Dctegnqpc."3;;8."rr0"
9;"{"uu0="VGTTCFKNNQU"DCUQEQ."L0."Peligrosidad social y estado de derecho0"Gfkvqtkcn"
Cmcn."Ocftkf."3;:3."rr0"3:3"{"uu0="{"gp"gn"eqpvtcugpvkfq"fgn"vgzvq"DWUVQU"TCOKTG¥"L0."
Manual de Derecho penal espa‚ol. RI0."5²"gfkek„p0"cwogpvcfc."eqttgikfc"{"rwguvc"cn"fc0"
Gfkvqtkcn"Ctkgn0"Dctegnqpc."3;:;."rr0"98"{"uu0
55" Xkf0."EQDQ"FGN"TQUCN."O01XKXGU"CPVQP."VU0."Derecho Penal."RI0" qd0"ekv0."
rr0"98"{"99."cn"gpvgpfgt"swg"gn" eqpvgpkfq"gugpekcn"fgn"rtkpekrkq"fg"ngicnkfcf"ug"fgfweg"fg"
nqu"ctvu0"4703"{" ;05"fg"nc"EG0"eqpvgpkfipfqug"gp"gnnqu" wpc"rtqjkdkek„p"fg"ncu"ng{gu"rgpcngu"
tgvtqcevkxcu"{" fg"ocpgtc" kornekvc."eqpugewgpekc" fgn"rtkpekrkq"fg" ugiwtkfcf"lwtfkec." gn"
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kplwuvkÝ"ecfc"ug"tghwgt¦c"rqt"nc"UVE0":1:3."fg"52"fg"oct¦q."cn"oquvtctug"Ðtgpwgpvg"c"guvkoct"
xwnpgtcfcu"ncu"gzkigpekcu"eqpvgpkfcu"gp"gn"ctvewnq"4703"fg"nc"Eqpuvkvwek„p"rqt"tguqnwekqpgu"
swg"kornkecp"wp"enctq"tgewtuq"c"nc"cpcnqic0"[."cukokuoq."ug"tgukuvg"c"fgenctct"nc"kpeqpuvk/
vwekqpcnkfcf"fg"pqtocu"rgpcngu"hqtowncfcu"eqp"wp"itcfq"kpvqngtcdng"fg"kpfgvgtokpcek„pÑ0"
Gn"Vtkdwpcn"Eqpuvkvwekqpcn"gpvgpfk„"ceqtfg"eqp"ncu"gzkigpekcu"fgn"rtkpekrkq"fg"ngicnkfcf"nc"
483
Legitimación y límites del ius puniendi
nc"eqttgurqpfkgpvg"kpvgtrtgvcek„p"swg"fg"nc"ng{"jcp"jgejq"nqu"„ticpqu"
lwtkufkeekqpcngu"gp"gn"glgtekekq"rtqrkq"fg"uw"hwpek„p560"Gp"wp"Guvcfq"fg"
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rtqencocek„p"eqpuvkvwekqpcn"gzrtguc"fgn"rtkpekrkq"fg"ngicnkfcf"gp"oc/
vgtkc"rgpcn"{."oƒu"c¿p."wpc"rtqencocek„p"swg"cnwfkgug"gzrnekvcogpvg"c"
uw"eqpvgpkfq"gugpekcn."rtqjkdkgpfq"vgtokpcpvgogpvg"nc"kpfgvgtokpcek„p"
fg"ncu"h„towncu"ngicngu"{"gn"tgewtuq"c"nc"cpcnqic"in malam partemÑ580"Gn"
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fg"nc"Ugiwtkfcf"Uqekcn0" Uktxc"fg"glgornq."nq"fkurwguvq" gp"nc"Ng{"Qtiƒpkec"813;;7."fg" 4;"
fg"lwpkq."rqt"nc"swg"ug"oqfkÝ" ecp"fgvgtokpcfqu"rtgegrvqu"fgn"E„fkiq"Rgpcn."tgncvkxqu"c"nqu"
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58" Fg"guvc"qrkpk„p"UGDCUVKCP"UQNGT."swg"jc"nngicfq" c"rtqrwipct"swg"ncu"pqtocu"
eqpuvkvwekqpcngu"pq" ug"nkokvgp" c"tgeqpqegt" hqtocnogpvg"gn" rtkpekrkq"fg" ngicnkfcf."ukpq"
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fgurtgpfgp"fg"nc"kfgc"fg"ÐvkrkekfcfÑ"fg" ncu"kphtceekqpgu."gp."Fe en el Derecho y otros en-
sayos."Dwgpqu"Cktgu."3;78."r0"473"{"uu0"Vcodkfip"gp"nc"Ugpvgpekc"841:4."fg"37"fg"qevwdtg."
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pvkocogpvg"eqpgevcfq"eqp"gn"fg"ugiwtkfcf"lwtfkecÑ"{"swg"Ðgn"ngikuncfqt."rctc"eqpugiwkt"nc"
Ý"pcnkfcf"rtqvgevqtc"swg"rgtukiwg"gn"Fgtgejq"Rgpcn."fgdg"jcegt"gn"oƒzkoq"guhwgt¦q"rqukdng"
rctc"swg"nc"ugiwtkfcf"lwtfkec"swgfg"ucnxciwctfcfcÑ0"Eht0."UU0"fgn"V0E0"33"fg"pqxkgodtg"fg"
3;:8."34"{"38"fg" fkekgodtg"fg"3;:8"{"34913;;2="ÐNc"pgegukfcf" fg"rtqencoct."eqp"tcpiq"
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Eqpuvkvwek„p."guvq"gu."rqt"ogfkq"fg" ng{"qtiƒpkec."jcdtƒ"fg"tguwnvct"ow{"fwfquqÑ0"Fg"guvc"
qrkpk„p"EQDQ"FGN"TQUCN."O01XKXGU"CPVQP."VU0"cn"gpvgpfgt"swg"Ðuk"ogtgeg"fguvcectug"
swg"nc"kfgc"fg"taxatividad." swg"eqpuvkvw{g"gn"p¿engq"fgn"ukipkÝ"ecfq"ocvgtkcn"fgn"rtkpekrkq"
fg"ngicnkfcf."ug"jc{c" rtqencocfc"gp"gn"ctv0"6040"fgn"E0e0." c"ew{q"vgpqtLas leyes penales,"
ncu"gzegrekqpcngu" {"ncu" fg"ƒodkvq" vgorqtcn"pq" ug"crnkecp" c"uwrwguvqu" pk"gp" oqogpvqu"
fkuvkpvqu"gp"nqu"eqortgpfkfqu"gzrtgucogpvg"gp"gnncuÑ="Derecho PenaÓ."RI0."qd0"ekv0."r0":20"
Fg"eqphqtokfcf"eqp"nq"fkurwguvq"gp"gn"ctv0"603"fgn"E„fkiq"Rgpcn
crnkectƒp"c"ecuqu"fkuvkpvqu"fg"nqu"eqortgpfkfqu"gzrtgucogpvg"gp"gnncuÑ0
Fernando Santa Cecilia García
484
fgn"ekwfcfcpq"gp"ewcpvq"cfokpkuvtcfq"dgpgÝ"ekctkq"fgn"okuoq
etkokpcn."rgpcn."lwtkufkeekqpcn"{"rgpkvgpekctkc"q"fg"glgewek„p590
59" Ukp"nc"ghgevkxc"ucnxciwctfc"fg" guvcu"ictcpvcu."Guvcfq"{"ekwfcfcpq"ug"eqorqtvctcp"
eqoq"nc"hwtkc"{"gn"tcv„p" gp"nc"cngiqtc"fg"NGYKU"ECTTQN."Alicia en el Pais de las Ma-
ravillasÓ."Gfkv0"Cnkcp¦c"Gfkvqtkcn."U0C0."34²"tgkor0"Gn"nkdtq"fg"dqnuknnq."Ocftkf."3;:8."r0"830"
Garanta criminal"*nullum crimen sine lege+ rwgfg"ugt" eqpukfgtcfc"
eqoq"fgnkvq"ukp"swg"wpc"ng{"rtgxkc."guetkvc"{"ekgtvc"nq"jc{c"guvcdngekfq"cu0"Ug"ekgttc"gn"rcuq"
fg"guvc"ocpgtc"c"nc"etgcek„p"fg"eqorqtvcokgpvqu"etkokpcngu"rqt"xc"lwfkekcn."{c"swg"fkejq"
eqogvkfq"eqttgurqpfg" gzenwukxcogpvg"cn" Rqfgt"Ngikuncvkxq" *ctvu0"3." 604."32" {"34" ER0+0"
Vcorqeq"ecdg"fgÝ"pkt"eqpfwevcu"eqoq"fgnkevkxcu"c"vtcxfiu"fg" pqtocu"cfokpkuvtcvkxcu."eqp"
tcpiq"kphgtkqt"c"nc"ng{."rtqegfgpvgu"fgn"Rqfgt"Glgewvkxq0"Guvc"ictcpvc"gpewgpvtc"uw"rncuoc/
ek„p"ngicn" gp"nqu"ctvewnqu" ;050"{" 47030"E0G0"{" gp"nqu"ctvewnqu" 6"{"32" fgn"E„fkiq"Rgpc n0"
Garanta penal (nulla poena sine lege+ korqpgtug"wpc"
rgpc"cn"ekwfcfcpq"swg"pq"ug"jcnng"rtgxkcogpvg"guvcdngekfc"gp"nc"ng{0"Gu"nc"ng{"nc"swg"fgdg"
fgvgtokpct"nc"encug"{"fwtcek„p"fg"nc"rgpc."{"pq"gn"lwg¦."eqoq"uwegfkgtc"gp"gn"cpvkiwq"tfiik/
ogpÑ0"Xkf0"ICTEKC"RCDNQU"FG"OQNKPC."C0."Introducci„n al Derecho penal."qd0"ekv0."
r0"6:;."eht0"TQFTKIWG¥"FGXGUC."LO²01UGTTCPQ"IQOG¥."C0."Derecho Penal Espa-
‚ol0"RI0"qd0"ekv0."39²"gf0."r0"3950"Guvc"ictcpvc"ug"eqpucitc"gp"gn"ctvewnq"3"fgn"Er0"fg"3;;7"
swg"fkurqpg"gp"uw"p¿o0"3 pk"qokuk„p"swg"pq"guvfi"rtg/
xkuvc"eqoq"fgnkvq"q"hcnvc"rqt"Ng{"cpvgtkqt" c"uw"rgtrgvtcek„pÑ0"Gn"ctv0"4"fgn"okuoq"E„fkiq."
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vgtkqt"c"uw"rgtrgvtcek„p0" Ectgegtƒp."kiwcnogpvg."fg"ghgevq"tgvtqcevkxq" ncu"Ng{gu"swg"guvc/
dng¦ecp"ogfkfcu" fg"ugiwtkfcf0"40" Pq"qduvcpvg."vgpftƒp" ghgevq"tgvtqcevkxq"cswgnncu" ng{gu"
rgpcngu"swg"hcxqtg¦ecp"cn"tgq."cwpswg"cn"gpvtct"gp"xkiqt"jwdkgtc"tgecfq"ugpvgpekc"Ý"tog"{"
gn"uwlgvq"guvwxkgug"ewornkgpfq"eqpfgpc0"Gp"ecuq"fg"fwfc"uqdtg"nc"fgvgtokpcek„p"fg"nc"Ng{"
oƒu"hcxqtcdng."ugtƒ"qfq"gn"tgq0"Nqu"jgejqu"eqogvkfqu"dclq"nc"xkigpekc"fg"wpc"Ng{"vgorq/
tcn"ugtƒp"lw¦icfqu."ukp" godctiq."eqphqtog"c"gnnc."ucnxq"swg"ug"fkurqpic" gzrtgucogpvg"nq"
eqpvtctkqÑ0+0"Nc"ictcpvc"rgpcn"ekgttc"gn"rcuq"c"ncu"fgpqokpcfcu"rgpcu"ctdkvtctkcu"g"kpfgvgt/
okpcfcu."korkfkfipfqng" cn"lwg¦"swg"oqfkÝ"swg"gn" octeq"rgpqn„ikeq"guvcdngekfq" gp"nc"ng{0"
Vfipicug"gp"ewgpvc"Ugpvgpekcu"fg"32"fg"lwnkq"fg"4234"{"43"fg"qevwdtg"fg"4235."fgn"Vtkdwpcn"
Gwtqrgq"fg"Fgtgejqu"Jwocpqu."eqttkikgpfq"nc"fgpqokpcfc"ÐDoctrina ParotÑ0"Xkf0"ICT/
EKC"RCDNQU"FG"OQNKPC."C0." Introducci„n al Derecho Penal."qd0" ekv0."r0"6;4="gp" La
soledad de las vctimas en Estrasburgo."Fkctkq"Nc"Tc¦„p."nwpgu"4:"fg"qevwdtg"fg"4235."r0"
3:="IïOG¥"DGPëVG¥."LO0."El Ý nal de la Òdoctrina ParotÓ."Fkctkq"Gn"Rcu."43"fg"qevwdtg"
fg"42350"Gn"ctv0"605"fgn"Er0"fg"3;;7"fkurqpgIqdkgtpq"gzrq/
pkgpfq"nq"eqpxgpkgpvg"uqdtg"nc" fgtqicek„p"q"oqfkÝ"ecek„p"fgn"rtgegrvq"q"nc"eqpeguk„p"fg"
kpfwnvq."ukp"rgtlwkekq"fg"glgewvct"fgufg"nwgiq"nc"ugpvgpekc."ewcpfq"fg"nc"tkiwtquc"crnkecek„p"
fg"ncu"fkurqukekqpgu"fg"nc"Ng{"tguwnvg"rgpcfc"wpc"ceek„p"w"qokuk„p"swg."c"lwkekq"fgn"Lwg¦"q"
Vtkdwpcn."pq"fgdkgtc"ugtnq."q"ewcpfq" nc"rgpc"ugc"pqvcdngogpvg"gzegukxc."cvgpfkfqu"gn"ocn"
ecwucfq"rqt"nc"kphtceek„p"{"ncu"ektewpuvcpekcu"rgtuqpcngu"fgn"tgqÑ."{"uw"p¿o0"6."ÐUk"ogfkc/
tc"rgvkek„p"fg" kpfwnvq."{"gn"Lwg¦"q" Vtkdwpcn"jwdkgtg"crtgekcfq"gp"tguqnwek„p" hwpfcfc"swg"
rqt"gn"ewornkokgpvq"fg"nc"rgpc"rwgfg"tguwnvct"xwnpgtcfq"gn"fgtgejq"c"wp"rtqeguq"ukp"fknc/
485
Legitimación y límites del ius puniendi
ekqpgu"kpfgdkfcu." uwurgpfgtƒ"nc" glgewek„p"fg"nc" okuoc"gp"vcpvq" pq"ug" tguwgnxc"uqdtg"nc"
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okgpvtcu"pq"ug"tguwgnxc"uqdtg"gn"kpfwnvq."ewcpfq."fg"ugt"glgewvcfc"nc"ugpvgpekc."nc"Ý"pcnkfcf"
fg"fiuvg"rwfkgtc"tguwnvct"knwuqtkcÑ0"Qdufitxgug."nc"tgfceek„p"fgn"p¿o0"6"fg"guvg"ctv0"6."cn"fgekt"
gn"ngikuncfqt"swg"rqt"gn"ewornkokgpvq"fg"nc"rgpc"rwgfg"tguwnvct"xwnpgtcfq"gn"fgtgejq"c"wp"
rtqeguq"ukp"fkncekqpgu"kpfgdkfcu." ½e„oq"ug"gzrnkec"swg"rqt"gn"ewornkokgpvq"fg" wpc"rgpc"
rwgfc"xgtug"xwnpgtcfq"gn"fgtgejq"c"wp"rtqeguqA."½pq"ugtƒ"rtgxkq"gn"rtqeguq"cn"ewornkokgp/
vq"fg"nc"rgpcA"q"½gu"swg"ug"ng"hcewnvc"cn"Lwg¦"rctc"swg"rwgfc"rtglw¦ict"gn"hcnnq"fg"wpc"tguq/
nwek„p"lwfkekcnA" Rkgpuq"swg" guvg"crctvcfq" rtgekuc"oglqtct" uw"tgfceek„p0" Garanta
jurisdiccional (nemo damnetur nisi per legale iudicium+
gp"xktvwf"fg"wp"lwkekq"hqtocn"cpvg"vtkdwpcn"eqorgvgpvg."gp"swg"ug"tgurgvgp"vqfcu"ncu"ictcp/
vcu"guvcdngekfcu"rqt"nc" ng{0"Nqu"fgnkvqu"{"rgpcu"ug"guvcdngegp" rqt"ng{."gocpcfc"fgn"rqfgt"
ngikuncvkxq0"Nc"kpvgtrtgvcek„p"{"crnkecek„p"fg"nc"ng{"eqttgurqpfg"¿pkecogpvg"cn"rqfgt"lwfk/
ekcn0"Gn"Fgtgejq"Rgpcn"ocvgtkcn"u„nq"rwgfg"tgcnk¦ctug"c"vtcxfiu"fgn"ogecpkuoq"fgn"proceso."
ukgpfq"gp"gzenwukxc"nqu"lwgegu"*lwg¦"pcvwtcn+"nqu"swg"ug"jcnncp"ngikvkocfqu"rctc"crnkectnq"{"
pq"gn"rqfgt"glgewvkxq0"Ncu"fkxgtucu"ocpkhguvcekqpgu"fg"nc"ictcpvc"lwtkufkeekqpcn"crctgegp"
rtqencocfcu"gp"nqu"ctvu0"46."33905"{"342"fg"nc"EG0Ctv0"4603Ð*000+"vqfqu"vkgpgp"fgtgejq"cn"
lwg¦"qtfkpctkq"rtgfgvgtokpcfq"rqt"nc"ng{."c"nc"fghgpuc"{"c"nc"cukuvgpekc"fg"ngvtcfq."c"ugt"kp/
hqtocfqu"fg"nc"cewucek„p"hqtowncfc"eqpvtc"gnnqu."c"wp"rtqeguq"r¿dnkeq"ukp"fkncekqpgu"kpfg/
dkfcu."{"eqp"vqfcu"ncu"ictcpvcu."c"wvknk¦ct"nqu"ogfkqu"fg"rtwgdc"rgtvkpgpvgu"rctc"uw"fghgpuc."
c"pq"fgenctct"eqpvtc" u"okuoqu."c"pq"eqphguctug"ewnrcdngu" {"c"nc"rtguwpek„p"fg"kpqegpekc"
*000+Ñ="Ctv0"33905 lwtkufkeekqpcn"gp"vqfq"vkrq"fg"rtqeguqu."lw¦/
icpfq"{"jcekgpfq"glgewvct"nq"lw¦icfq."eqttgurqpfg"gzenwukxcogpvg"c"nqu"Lw¦icfqu"{"Vtkdw/
pcngu"fgvgtokpcfqu"rqt"ncu" ng{gu."ugi¿p"ncu"pqtocu"fg" eqorgvgpekc"{"rtqegfkokgpvq"swg"
ncu"okuocu" guvcdng¦ecpÑ="rqt" uw"rctvg." gn"ctv0" 342 Ncu"cevwcekqpgu" lwfkekcngu"ugtƒp"
r¿dnkecu."eqp"ncu"gzegrekqpgu"swg"rtgxgcp"ncu"ng{gu"fg"rtqegfkokgpvq0"40"Gn"rtqegfkokgpvq"
ugtƒ"rtgfqokpcpvgogpvg" qtcn."uqdtg" vqfq"gp" ocvgtkc"etkokpcn0" 50"Ncu" ugpvgpekcu"ugtƒp"
ukgortg"oqvkxcfcu"{"ug"rtqpwpekctƒp"gp"cwfkgpekc"r¿dnkecÑ="{"gp"nq u"ctvu 0"3"{"4 "fg"nc "NQRL 0
Ctv0"3 ÐNc"Lwuvkekc" gocpc"fgn"rwgdnq" {"ug" cfokpkuvtc"gp"pqodtg" fgn"Tg{"rqt" Lwgegu"{"
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uqogvkfqu"¿pkecogpvg"c"nc"Eqpuvkvwek„p"{"cn"korgtkq"fg"nc"ng{Ñ="Ctv0"4
nc"rqvguvcf"lwtkufkeekqpcn"lw¦icpfq"{"jcekgpfq"glgewvct"nq"lw¦icfq."eqttgurqpfg"gzenwukxc/
ogpvg"c"nqu"Lw¦icfqu"{"Vtkdwpcngu"fgvgtokpcfqu"gp"ncu"ng{gu"{"gp"nqu"vtcvcfqu"kpvgtpcekqpgu0"
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cpvgtkqt."ncu"fg"Tgikuvtq"Ekxkn"{"ncu"fgoƒu"swg"gzrtgucogpvg"ngu"ugcp"cvtkdwkfcu"rqt"ng{"gp"
ictcpvc"fg"ewcnswkgt"fgtgejqÑ0"Vcodkfip"gp"gn"ctvewnq"3"fg"nc"NGEt0"ÐPq"ug"korqpftƒ"rgpc"
cniwpc"rqt"eqpugewgpekc"fg"cevqu"rwpkdngu"ew{c"tgrtguk„p" kpewodg"c"nc"lwtkufkeek„p"qtfk/
pctkc."ukpq"fg"eqphqtokfcf"eqp"ncu"fkurqukekqpgu"fgn"rtgugpvg"E„fkiq"q"fg"Ng{gu"gurgekcngu"
{"gp"xktvwf"fg"ugpvgpekc" fkevcfc"rqt"Lwg¦"eqorgvgpvgÑ="{"gp"gn"ctv0"5" fgn"Er0"fg"3;;7."Ð30"
Pq"rqftƒ"glgewvctug"rgpc"pk"ogfkfc"fg"ugiwtkfcf"ukpq"gp"xktvwf"fg"ugpvgpekc"Ý"tog"fkevcfc"
rqt"gn"Lwg¦"q"Vtkdwpcn"eqorgvgpvg."fg"cewgtfq"eqp"ncu"ng{gu"rtqegucnguÑ0"Garanta de eje-
cuci„nglgewvctug"rgpc"cniwpc"ukpq"gp"nc"hqtoc"rtgxkuvc"gp"nc"ng{0"Gn"fguvkpq"Ý"pcn"
Fernando Santa Cecilia García
486
Crctvg"fg"ncu"ictcpvcu"gzrwguvcu."gn"Ðrtkpekrkq"fg"ngicnkfcf"kpekfg"fg"
hqtoc"fgekukxc"gp"nc"vgqtc"fg"ncu"hwgpvgu"g"kpvgtrtgvcek„p"fg"nc"ng{"rgpcn0"
Kornkec"wpc"ugxgtc"nkokvcek„p"fg"ncu"hwgpvgu"etgcfqtcu"fgn"Fgtgejq"Rgpcn."
gzenw{gpfq"nc"equvwodtg"*lex scripta+"{"nc"cpcnqic"kp"ocnco"rctvgo"*lex
stricta+"{"hwpfcogpvc."pcvwtcnogpvg."nc"rtqjkdkek„p"fg"tgvtqcevkxkfcf"gp"
rgtlwkekq"fgn"tgq"*lex praevia+0"Hkpcnogpvg."nc"gzkigpekc"fg"enctkfcf"{"
gzjcwuvkxkfcf"eqp"swg"fgdg"fguetkdktug"nc"eqpfwevc"rtqjkdkfc"*lex certa+"
fg"ncu"penas"gu"uw"crnkecek„p"{"glgewek„p0"Rqt"gnnq"ncu"gzkigpekcu"fgtkxcfcu"fgn"rtkpekrkq"fg"
ngicnkfcf"*tgugtxc"fg"ng{."egtvg¦c"{"enctkfcf+"cnecp¦cp"vcodkfip."cn"oqogpvq"fg"nc"glgewek„p"
fg"ncu"rgpcu"swg"gu"fgekukxq0"ÐGp"qvtq"ecuq"rqftc"tguwnvct"kp¿vkn"vqfq"gn"fkurqukvkxq"ictcp/
vkuvc"fgn"qtfgpcokgpvq"lwtfkeqÑ0"Xkf0"ICTEKC"RCDNQU"FG"OQNKPC."C0."Introducci„n
al Derecho Penal."qd0"ekv0."r0"6;;0"Guvc"ictcpvc"ug"gpewgpvtc"tgeqpqekfc"rqt"gn"ctvewnq"504"
fgn"Er0"fg" 3;;7."ÐVcorqeq"rqftƒ"glgewvctug"rgpc"pk" ogfkfc"fg"ugiwtkfcf"gp"qvtc" hqtoc"
swg"nc"rtguetkvc"rqt"nc"Ng{"{"tgincogpvqu" swg"nc"fgucttqnncp."pk"eqp"qvtcu"ektewpuvcpekcu"q"
ceekfgpvgu"swg"nqu"gzrtgucfqu"gp"uw"vgzvq0"Nc"glgewek„p"fg"nc"rgpc"q"fg"nc"ogfkfc"fg"ugiw/
tkfcf"ug"tgcnk¦ctƒ"dclq"gn"eqpvtqn"fg"nqu"Lwgegu"{"Vtkdwpcngu"eqorgvgpvguÑ0"Pqu"gpeqpvtcoqu"
gp"rtgugpekc" fg"wpc"ng{" rgpcn"gp"dncpeq"swg" ug"tgokvg"c" nc"ngikuncek„p"rgpkvgpekctkc0" Nc"
rtczku"lwfkekcn"gurc‚qnc"eqpqeg."pq"qduvcpvg."cni¿p"uwrwguvq"ukpiwnct"fqpfg"rctc"pq"citcxct"
itcvwkvc"{"cduwtfcogpvg"nc"ukvwcek„p"rgtuqpcn"fgn"tgq." nc"rgpc"rtkxcvkxc"fg"nkdgtvcf"ug"glg/
ewvc"fg"hqtoc"fkuvkpvc"c"nc"rtgxkuvc"gp"nc" Ng{"Qtiƒpkec"Igpgtcn"Rgpkvgpekctkc."ukgpfq"Ðgz/
vtcqtfkpctkcogpvg"ogtkvqtkqÑ"gn"guhwgt¦q"swg"tgcnk¦cp"ncu"Cwfkgpekc"Rtqxkpekcngu"tgurgevq"
c"fgvgtokpcfq" vkrq"fg"fgnkpewgpekc0"Xkf."¥WICNFKC"GURKPCT." LO0."Fundamentos de
Derecho Penal. 5²"gfkek„p0" Gfkvqtkcn"Vktcpv"nq" Dncpej0"Xcngpekc."3;;50" r0"4990" Rgtq"ncu"
ictcpvcu"fgtkxcfcu"fgn"nullum crimen"Ðpq"ug"ektewpuetkdgp"c"ncu"rgpcu"{c"swg"vcodkfip"ncu"
ogfkfcu"fg"ugiwtkfcf"kpvgitcp"gn"ctugpcn"fg"ogfkqu"g"kpuvtwogpvqu"cn" ugtxkekq"fg"nc"kpvgt/
xgpek„p"rgpcn"fgn"GuvcfqÑ0"Xkf0"cornkcogpvg."ICTEKC"RCDNQU"FG"OQNKPC."C0."Intro-
ducci„n al Derecho Penal0"qd0"ekv0."rr0"352"{"uu0"Vfipicug"gp"ewgpvc."gn"ctv0"7."crctvcfq"7"{"
8+0"Nc"Fkurqukek„p"fgtqicvqtkc"¿pkec."crctvcfq"30e+"fg"nc"NQ0"fg"45"fg"pqxkgodtg"fg"3;;7."
fgtqic"nc"Ng{"3813;92."fg"6"fg"ciquvq."uqdtg"Rgnkitqukfcf"{"Tgjcdknkvcek„p"Uqekcn."eqp"uwu"
oqfkÝ"ecekqpgu"rquvgtkqtgu" {"fkurqukekqpgu"eqorngogpvctkcu." rcucpfq"cjqtc" c"tgiwnctug"
guvc"ocvgtkc"rqt"gn" E„fkiq"Rgpcn"eqo¿p"fg"3;;7."gp"uwu" ctvu0";7"c"32:0"C"guvcu"ictcpvcu"
uwgngp"cuqekctug"cniwpcu"gzkigpekcu"igpfitkecu"fgtkxcfcu"fgn"rtkpekrkq"fg"ngicnkfcf
dkek„p"fg"tgvtqcevkxkfcf"*lex previa+."gzenwuk„p"fgn"fgtgejq" eqpuwgvwfkpctkq"*lex scripta+."
rtqjkdkek„p"fg"nc"cpcnqic"in malam partem"*lex stricta+"{"ocpfcvq"fg"egtvg¦c"q"rtqjkdkek„p"
fg"enƒwuwncu"igpgtcngu"q"kpfgvgtokpcfcu."cu"eqoq"gn"ocpfcvq"fg"tgugtxc"fg"ng{"gp"ocvgtkc"
rgpcn"{"gn"rtkpekrkq"fg"fgvgtokpcek„p"q"vczcvkxkfcf0"Gp"guvg"ugpvkfq."¥WICNFKC"GURKPCT."
LO0."Fundamentos de Derecho Penal."qd0"ekv0."r0"4980"SWKPVGTQ"QNKXCTGU."I0."Manual
de Derecho Penal0"RI0."eqp"nc"eqncdqtcek„p"fg"Hgtop"Oqtcngu"Rtcvu"{"Lqufi"Okiwgn"Rtcvu"
Ecpwv0"4²"gfkek„p."tgxkucfc."cornkcfc"{"rwguvc"cn"fc0"Gfkvqtkcn"Ctcp¦cfk0"Gnecpq"*Pcxcttc+."
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