The right to work and placement of the disabled in the labour market: the Italian legal framework

AutorPierluigi Digennaro
CargoPh.D. University of Bari Aldo Moro
Páginas143-180
Revista Derecho Social y Empresa Suplemento nº 1, Abril 2015
ISSN: 2341-135X págs.143-180
PIERLUIGI DIGENNARO
Ph.D. University of Bari Aldo Moro
Fecha de recepción: 15-1-2015
Fecha de aceptación: 02-02-2015
: 1. DEFINITION OF DISABILITY IN THE INTERNAL LEGAL
SYSTEM IN THE LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL DOCUMENTS. 2. ANALYSIS
OF GENERAL STATISTICAL DATA. 3. THE INTERNAL REGULATION AND
THE QUOTA SYSTEM MECHANISM. 3.1. Exonerations, exclusions,
suspensions and compensation regarding the obligation of employment per
quota. 4. THE AGREEMENT INSTRUMENTS AND THE INCENTIVE
EMPLOYMENT POLICIES. 5. THE ROLE OF THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES. 6.
THE ANTI-DISCRIMINATION REGULATION AND THE INFLUENCE OF
EC DIRECTIVES. 7. ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL CASES. 8. THE ROLE OF
UNIVERSITIES IN THE WORK GUIDANCE AND PLACEMENT OF
DISABLED STUDENTS. 9. BRIEF CONCLUSION.
: El ensayo ofrece una visión general de los instrumentos legales que
tienen como objetivo asegurar la integración y participación de las personas con
discapacidad en el mercado laboral y, en última instancia, en la sociedad. El análisis se
mueve de un examen de las normativas constitucionales hasta las normas más
detalladas. El autor también analiza la influencia y la aplicación de las normas jurídicas
internacionales en el derecho italiano y los posibles enfoques diferentes para la
definición de discapacidad entre estos dos niveles. El documento también resume las
decisiones judiciales más relevantes sobre el tema y describe, a través de datos
estadísticos, la situación actual del mercado de trabajo en relación con el empleo de las
personas con discapacidad, así como la eficacia de los instrumentos de derecho
Pierluigi Digennaro
Revista Derecho Social y Empresa Suplemento nº 1, Abril 2015
ISSN: 2341-135X pág. 144
analizados. Por último, el autor analiza el papel de las universidades en la colocación
de los jóvenes titulados con discapacidad y da ejemplos de las mejores prácticas y
programas específicos.
ABSTRA CT: This paper gives an overview of Italian legal instruments that aim
to ensure the integration and participation of disabled persons in the labour market
and ultimately in society as a whole. The analysis moves from an examination of
Constitutional standards to a consideration of the most detailed regulations. The
author also discusses the influence and implementation of international legal
regulations in Italian law and the possible different approaches to the definition of
disability between these two levels. The paper also summarizes the most relevant court
decisions on the subject and describes the present labour market situation with regard
to the employment of disabled persons as well as the effectiveness of the law
instruments, analysed by means of statistical data. Finally, the author analyses the role
of Universities in the placement of young graduates with disabilities and gives
examples of best practises and specific programs.
PALABR AS CLAVE: definición de discapacidad, empleo de los discapacitados,
discriminación, eficacia, Italia.
KEYWOR DS: Definition of disability, employment, discrimination,
effectiveness, Italy.
Right to Work and Placement of the Disabled in the Labour Market:
the Italian Legal Framework
Revista Derecho Social y Empresa Suplemento nº 1, Abril 2015
ISSN: 2341-135X pág. 145
1. DEFINITION OF DISABI LITY IN THE INTERNAL LEGAL SYSTE M IN
THE LI GHT OF INT ERNAT IONAL DOCUMENTS
In the Civil law legal systems legislators need to “translate” a social phenomenon
into a binding legal definition: a definition that often comes from other sciences such
as sociology or economics.
After this first step, it is possible to connect regulations to that definition.
In such cases there is a more pronounced need than usual to fill the gap between
changing realities and provisions founded on static definitions that will remain
unchanged in lexical terms.
This should be the task of exegetes and judges, but it becomes more and more
complicated in proportion to the strictness of the definition.
The definition of disabilities in Italian law could be taken as a paradigmatic case.
As will become clear in this work, Italian legislators have approached this problem by
avoiding a direct definition of the concept of disability that would provide a basis for
the application of legislative measures, but decided to enumerate every single personal
condition that is required to access the law, and in doing so made the scope of the law
too restrictive. This outdated strict medical approach to disability is a heritage which
still remains to be overcome today.
An important step to better explain this issue will be to compare the changes in
the international documents about disability as well as in Italian law.
Therefore, highlighting any differences and inconsistencies between the different
regulatory levels, this first section will examine the extent to which the regulatory
changes in the Italian legal system coincide with various approaches to definition
adopted by international organizations over the course of time. In other words, the
question that will be examined is whether those organizations have been able to
influence Italian legislative reforms on this matter.
The definition contained in the «International Classification of Impairments,
Disabilities and Handicaps» published in 1980 by the World Health Organization
reflects a medical approach to the issue according to which a handicap is a sequential
chain which determines, for the individual, an obstacle to the ability to perform an
activity in the manner typical of a normally-endowed person. According to the WHO,
the origin of this chain lies in a disease that causes an impairment considered as a loss

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