Historiography of the University. A New Field for an Old Topic in German Historical Scholarship
| Autor | Martin Kintzinger |
| Cargo | Universität Mu?nster |
| Páginas | 97-139 |
CIAN-Revista de Historia de las Universidades, 20/1 (2017), 97-139 - DOI: https://doi.org/10.20318/cian.2017.3730
ISSN: 1988-8503 - www.uc3m.es/cian
Historiography of the University. A New Field for
an Old Topic in German Historical Scholarship
Martin Kintzinger*
Universität Münster
Recibido
Aceptado
Historiografía sobre la Universidad. Un nuevo campo para
un viejo tema en la Historia de la Universidad alemana
Abstract There is no tradition nor
genus of historiography within writing on
university history in German historical re
search In the Middle Ages there was no his
toriography of the institutionalized schools
and the early universities It began in the
early modern period From the beginning in
the th century onwards historiography
of university mostly meant to tell about the
own university and to underline its academic
brilliance and irst of all its political value
for the government In later th century
the inluence of enlightenment changed the
argumentation and the politically enforced
difference between academies and universi
ties made the identity of universities more
evident Universities from then on did not
understand themselves no longer primarily
as instruments of government but as places
of scientiic liberty and insofar partly of le
gal independence There were conlicts and
quarrels about in how far universities should
just help to create educated oficers for the
Resumen No hay tradición ni género
de la historiograía dentro de la escritura de la
historia de la universidad en la investigación
histórica alemana En la Edad Media no hay
ninguna historiograía de los colegios institu
cionalizados ni de las primeras universidades
Esto comenzó en época moderna Desde el
principio en el siglo XVII en adelante la histo
riograía de la universidad en su mayoría sig
niicaba relatar la historia de la propia univer
sidad para subrayar su brillantez académica y
sobre todo su valor político para el gobierno
A inales del siglo XVIII la inluencia de la Ilus
tración cambia la argumentación y la diferen
cia impuesta políticamente entre academias y
universidades hizo la identidad de las uni
versidades más evidente Universidades que
a partir de entonces no se entienden a sí mis
mas ya primariamente como instrumentos de
gobierno sino como lugares de libertad cientí
ica y en parte de independencia legal Hubo
conlictos y disputas sobre si las universidades
debían ayudar a crear los oiciales educados
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20318/cian.2017.3730
* mkintzingerunimuensterde
MARTIN KINTZINGER
98
CIAN, 20/1 (2017), 97-139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20318/cian.2017.3730
government or open a ield of independence
for a Freedom of science All conlict parties
published their declarations which can be
used for the historiography of universities
nowadays but did not intend to be unders
tood as such In the beginning of the th
century the innovation of the modern uni
versity founded by the ideas of Wilhelm of
Humboldt in Prussia and the promotion by
the government but as well the dependen
ce from political support set new conditions
for the development of the universities and
it made possible the beginning of an oficial
historiography of university history Until
the discussion on the liberty of scien
ce and universities and their newly deined
importance for the beginning nationstates
as well as on the growing difference between
historical and philosophical disciplines on
the one hand naturalscientiic and even te
chnical disciplines on the other hand became
more and more important Historiography
of universities and their history was crea
ted but from the beginning on focused on
controversies Rectoratespeeches became a
new genus of historiography of universities
and it was of great inluence It developed a
comparative modern approach on the his
tory of universities but was in the same time
exploited as political argument in national
politics and international conlicts and war
times Finally the end of free discussion and
academic discourse on the historiography of
universities came with the beginning of the
Nazi period in Germany Modern learned
and academic historiography of the history
of universities from the middle of the th
century onwards has got the chance to rees
tablish discussions on the history of univer
sities from the Middle Ages to contemporary
times and even in an international context
but did not yet ind to a speciic genus of his
toriography
Keywords scholarship and politics
confessionalization of universities conlict of
disciplines utility of scholarship primacy of
disciplines
para el gobierno o abrir un campo indepen
diente para la libertad de la ciencia Todas
las partes en conlicto publicaron sus declara
ciones que pueden ser utilizados por la histo
riograía de las universidades hoy en día pero
que no tienen la intención de entenderse como
tal En el comienzo del siglo XIX la innovación
de la universidad moderna fundada por las
ideas de Guillermo de Humboldt en Prusia y
la promoción por parte del gobierno pero a su
vez la dependencia del apoyo político estable
cen nuevas condiciones para el desarrollo de
las universidades que hicieron posible el inicio
de una historiograía oicial de la historia de
la universidad Hasta el debate sobre la
libertad de la ciencia y de las universidades y
su importancia recientemente deinida para el
inicio de los Estadosnación así como la cre
ciente diferencia entre disciplinas históricas
y ilosóicas por un lado y cientíiconaturales
e incluso técnicas por otro se volvió cada vez
más importante Una historia e historiograía
de las universidades que desde el principio se
ha centrado en las controversias Los discur
sos de los rectores pasaron a ser un nuevo gé
nero muy inluyente de la historiograía de las
universidades Se desarrolló un enfoque com
parativo versión moderna de la historia de las
universidades pero que fue al mismo tiempo
explotado como argumento político en la po
lítica nacional y en los conlictos y tiempos de
guerras internacionales Por último el inal de
la discusión libre y del discurso académico so
bre la historiograía de las universidades vino
con el inicio del período Nazi en Alemania La
historiograía sobre las universidades de me
diados del siglo en adelante ha tenido la
oportunidad de restablecer los debates sobre
la historia de las universidades de la Edad Me
dia hasta la época contemporánea e incluso en
el contexto internacional pero aún no ha en
contrado un género historiográico especíico
Palabras clave universidad y políticas
confesionalidad de las universidades conlicto
de disciplinas utilidad de la universidad pri
macía de disciplinas
HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY. A NEW FIELD FOR AN OLD TOPIC IN GERMAN HISTORICAL SCHOLARSHIP 99
CIAN, 20/1 (2017), 97-139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20318/cian.2017.3730
From Edition to Narrative The Beginnings
There are many studies on university history and numerous works on the
history of universities of scholars and of the sciences Yet until today there
is no history of university history within German historiography Among the
extensive research on the history of historical writing there are individual
historiographic works dealing with universities But in contrast to the histo
riography of courts monasteries or cities the historiography of universities
has not been able to develop its own distinctive form nor has it given rise to
its own genre And in contrast to the just mentioned historiographies uni
versity historiographies have been primarily commissioned on the occasion
of anniversary celebrations and this was particularly prevalent in the mo
dern era While texts dealing with university historiography are certainly
covered in the established handbooks on the history of the university they
are however not treated as a traditional genre in its own right
Still a substantial number of documents of university historiography
have been preserved even though they were not written with that intention
and did not understand themselves as such Normally works by university
scholars on texts by classical authorities or on the methodological develo
pment of their discipline on exceptional representatives of their universi
ty or conversely on dificult situations and disturbances did not consider
themselves a form of university historiography even though they factually
were and are precisely that Particularly interesting examples of critical his
A detailed article on the same topic in German language is being prepared for print
Exemplarily Herbert Grundmann Geschichtsschreibung im Mittelalters Gattungen Epochen
Eigenart th ed Göttingen Vandenhoeck Ruprecht Susanne Rau Bir
git Studt ed Geschichte schreiben Ein Quellen und Studienhandbuch zur Historiograie ca
Berlin Akademie Urich Rasche ed Quellen zur frühneuzeitlichen Uni
versitätsgeschichte Typen Bestände Forschungsperspektiven Wolfenbütteler Forschungen
vol Wiesbaden Harrasowitz Markus Völkel Geschichtsschreibung Eine Ein
führung in globaler Perspektive CologneWeimarVienna Böhlau
Walter Rüegg ed Geschichte der Universität in Europa vol Mittelalter Munich Beck
Wolfgang E Weber Geschichte der europäischen Universität Stuttgart Kohlhammer
Cf Peter Moraw Gesammelte Beiträge zur Deutschen und Europäischen Universitätsges
chichte Strukturen Personen Entwicklungen Education and Society in the Middle Ages and
Renaissance vol LeidenBoston Brill Jürgen Miethke Studieren an mittelalterli
chen Universitäten Chancen und Risiken Gesammelte Aufsätze Education and Society in the
Middle Ages and Renaissance vol LeidenBoston Brill Rainer Christoph Schwin
ges Studenten und Gelehrte Studien zur Sozial und Kulturgeschichte deutscher Universitäten
im Mittelalter Education and Societ y in the Middle Ages and Renaissance vol Leiden
Boston Brill
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