Fusión de sociedades laborales

AutorMaría Jesús Guerrero Lebrón/Fernando Elorza Guerrero
Páginas73-110
&$3Ë78/2,,,
FUSIÓN DE SOCIEDADES LABORALES
-XDQ0DQXHOGÓME Z POR R Ú A 
3URIHVRU7LWXODUGH'HUHFKR0HUFDQWLO
8QLYHUVLGDGGH6HYLOOD
1. CONSIDERACIONES GENERALES
$OKDEODUGHIXVLyQSRGHPRVKDFHUORGHVGHXQDGREOHSHUVSHFWLYDHFR
QyPLFD\MXUtGLFD'HVGHXQSXQWRGHYLVWDHFRQyPLFRODIXVLyQDSDUHFH
FRPRXQD RSHUDFLyQ GHFRQFHQWUDFLyQHPSUHVDULDO PHGLDQWH ODFXDO GRV R
PiVVRFLHGDGHVVHUHIXQGHQHQXQDVRODELHQVHDODVRFLHGDGUHVXOWDQWHXQD
GHODV VRFLHGDGHV TXH LQWHUYLHQHQHQOD RSHUDFLyQ ²SRU WDQWRXQDVRFLH
GDG\D H[LVWHQWH² \ TXHYLHQHD DEVRUEHU D ODVGHPiVR ELHQ XQD QXHYD
VRFLHGDGFUHDGDad hocFRQHOSDWULPRQLR\ ORVVRFLRVGH WRGDV\FDGD XQD
GHODV VRFLHGDGHVIXVLRQDGDV /DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV TXHSUHVHQWDOD IXVLyQHQ
VHQWLGRHFRQyPLFRVHUtDQGLVROXFLyQOLTXLGDFLyQ\H[WLQFLyQGHWRGDVODV
VRFLHGDGHVFRQ FUHDFLyQ GH XQDQXHYDVRFLHGDGRGLVROXFLyQ OLTXLGDFLyQ
\H[WLQFLyQGHWRGDVPHQRV XQDHQODTXHVHUHIXQGHQODVGHPiVVHJ~QORV
FDVRVFRQFHQWUDFLyQHQ ODVRFLHGDGUHVXOWDQWHGHORV SDWULPRQLRVGHODV
VRFLHGDGHVIXVLRQDGDV \unificación HQ HOOD GHVXVUHVSHFWLYRVFXHUSRV
VRFLDOHV(QHVWDRSHUDFLyQHFRQyPLFDTXHKHPRVGHVFULWRSRGUtDQLQFOXVR
 -0GÓM E Z POR R Ú A La fusión de sociedades anónimas en el Derecho español y comunita-
rio, 0DGULG/D/H\SS
03-CAP3-.indd 73 25/10/11 11:26:31
 -8$Q0 $Q8(/*y 0(]32UU ~$
SDUWLFLSDUMXQWRDVRFLHGDGHVHPSUHVDULRVLQGLYLGXDOHVVXSXHVWRTXHHVH[
SUHVDPHQWHFRQWHPSODGRHQODOHgislación fiscal.
6LQHPEDUJRFRPRFRQFHSWRMXUtGLFRODIXVLyQDSDUHFHFRPRXQDLQVWL
WXFLyQSURSLDGHO'HUHFKRGHVRFLHGDGHVTXHVREUHODEDVHGHORTXHKHPRV
definido FRPRIXVLyQHQVHQWLGRHFRQyPLFRWLHQGHDIDFLOLWDUODunificación
GHORVHOHPHQWRVSDWULPRQLDOHV \ SHUVRQDOHV GH GRV R PiV VRFLHGDGHV HQ
XQDVRODGH HOODVRHQXQDVRFLHGDG GHQXHYDFUHDFLyQSUHYLDH[WLQFLyQGH
ODVGHPiV VRFLHGDGHV DIHFWDGDVWRGR HOORPHGLDQWH XQ SURFHGLPLHQWR
simplificado TXHHYLWDODOLTXLGDFLyQGHODVVRFLHGDGHVTXHGHVDSDUHFHQ²OR
TXHSRVLELOLWD ODLQWHJUDFLyQGH SDWULPRQLRVDFWLYRV² \TXH SUHVHQWD XQD
VHULHGHSHFXOLDULGDGHVTXHVyORVRQSRVLEOHVHQODPHGLGDHQTXHDSDUHFHQ
UHJXODGDVSRUOD/H\FRPRODWUDQVPLVLyQJOREDOHQXQVRORDFWRGHORVSD
WULPRQLRVtQWHJURVGHODVVRFLHGDGHVH[WLQJXLGDVDODVRFLHGDGUHVXOWDQWH\OD
VXFHVLyQXQLYHUVDOGHpVWDHQWRGRVORVGHUHFKRV\REOLJDFLRQHVGHDTXpOODV
'HDKtTXHVyOR SXHGDKDEODUVHGH IXVLyQHQVHQWLGR MXUtGLFRTXHHV HO
~QLFRTXHDTXtQRVLQWHUHVDHQODPHGLGD HQTXH WDOSURFHGLPLHQWR DSDUH
FHFRQWHPSODGR \UHJXODGR SRUOD/H\'H QRVHUDVt SRGUtDREWHQHUVHXQ
UHVXOWDGRVLPLODUTXHQR LJXDOSHUR HQWRGRFDVRDWUDYpVGHODGLVROXFLyQ
\OLTXLGDFLyQGH ODV VRFLHGDGHV TXH KDQ GH GHVDSDUHFHU \ FX\RV VRFLRV \
SDWULPRQLRVSUHWHQGHQUHIXQGLUVHHQXQDVRODVRFLHGDG
2. CONCEPTO Y CLASES
/DIXVLyQ GHVRFLHGDGHV SRGHPRVdefinirla FRPR XQSURFHGLPLHQWR GH
QDWXUDOH]DPL[WDIRUPDGRSRUXQDVXFHVLyQ GH DFWRV XQRV GH QDWXUDOH]D
FRUSRUDWLYDR VRFLDO \ RWURV GH QDWXUDOH]D FRQWUDFWXDO R FRQYHQFLRQDO HQ
YLUWXGGHOFXDO GRV R PiV VRFLHGDGHV SUHYLD H[WLQFLyQ VLQ OLTXLGDFLyQ GH
DOJXQDVRGHWRGDVHOODVFRQIXQGHQVXVSDWULPRQLRV\DJUXSDQDVXVUHVSHF
WLYRVVRFLRVHQXQDVRODVRFLHGDGELHQVHWUDWHGHXQDGHODVVRFLHGDGHVTXH
LQWHUYLHQHQHQODRSHUDFLyQRGHXQDVRFLHGDGQXHYDFUHDGDDOHIHFWR
(VWDdefinición FRQFXHUGDFRQ HOFRQFHSWR OHJDOTXH VHHVWDEOHFH HQHO
DUW/0(VHJ~QHOFXDO©>(@QYLUWXGGHODIXVLyQGRVRPiVVRFLHGDGHV
PHUFDQWLOHVLQVFULWDVVHLQWHJUDQHQXQD~QLFDVRFLHGDGPHGLDQWHODWUDQVPL
VLyQHQEORTXHGH VXVSDWULPRQLRV\ODDWULEXFLyQDORV VRFLRVGHODVVRFLH
GDGHVTXHVHH[WLQJXHQGHDFFLRQHVSDUWLFLSDFLRQHVRFXRWDVGHODVRFLHGDG
UHVXOWDQWHTXHSXHGHVHU GHQXHYDFUHDFLyQRXQDGHODVVRFLHGDGHVTXHVH
IXVLRQDQª
3RUWDQWRVRQGRVODVFODVHVRSURFHGLPLHQWRVGHIXVLyQTXHVHGHVSUHQ
GHQWDQWRGHODdefinición JHQHUDOFRPRGHOFRQFHSWROHJDODQWHVVHxDODGR\
TXHH[SUHVDPHQWHVHFRQWHPSODQHQHODUW/0(
03-CAP3-.indd 74 25/10/11 11:26:31
)86,yQ '(62&,('$'(6/$%2U$/(6 
  /DIXVLyQGHGRV RPiV VRFLHGDGHVHQ XQDVRFLHGDG QXHYDTXHVH
FRQRFHFRPR IXVLyQSRU FRQVWLWXFLyQR FUHDFLyQGHXQD QXHYDVRFLHGDG\
TXH©LPSOLFDUiODH[WLQFLyQGHFDGDXQDGHODVVRFLHGDGHVTXHVHIXVLRQDQ\
ODWUDQVPLVLyQHQEORTXHGHORVUHVSHFWLYRVSDWULPRQLRVVRFLDOHVDODQXHYD
HQWLGDGTXHDGTXLULUiSRUVXFHVLyQXQLYHUVDOORVGHUHFKRV\REOLJDFLRQHVGH
DTXpOODVªDUW/0(
  /DIXVLyQ UHVXOWDQWH GHOD DEVRUFLyQ GHXQDR PiV VRFLHGDGHVSRU
RWUDVRFLHGDG \DH[LVWHQWHGHQRPLQDGD IXVLyQSRUDEVRUFLyQ HQ ODTXHOD
VRFLHGDGDEVRUEHQWHRVXSpUVWLWH©DGTXLULUiSRUVXFHVLyQXQLYHUVDOORVSDWUL
PRQLRVGHODVVRFLHGDGHVDEVRUELGDVTXHVHH[WLQJXLUiQDXPHQWDQGRHQVX
FDVRHOFDSLWDOVRFLDOGHODVRFLHGDGDEVRUEHQWHHQODFXDQWtDTXHSURFHGDª
DUW/0(
$KRUDELHQHOTXHVHFRQWHPSOHQGRVSURFHGLPLHQWRVGLVWLQWRVHQQDGD
DIHFWDD ODHVHQFLD GHODRSHUDFLyQ GHIXVLyQ SRU FXDQWRTXH HQDPERVVH
SURGXFHODFRQIXVLyQSDWULPRQLDO \OD DJUXSDFLyQGHVRFLRVHQXQD PLVPD
VRFLHGDGPHGLDQWH LODH[WLQFLyQ VLQOLTXLGDFLyQGH WRGDVODV VRFLHGDGHV
SDUWLFLSDQWHVVL VHWUDWDGH XQD IXVLyQSRU FRQVWLWXFLyQ RGH WRGDV PHQRV
XQDTXHVHUiODTXHDFW~HFRPRVRFLHGDGDEVRUEHQWHHQODIXVLyQSRUDEVRU
FLyQLLODVXFHVLyQXQLYHUVDOGHODVRFLHGDGUHVXOWDQWHHQWRGRVORVELHQHV
GHUHFKRV\REOLJDFLRQHVGHODVVRFLHGDGHVH[WLQJXLGDVFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLD
GHOD WUDQVPLVLyQtQWHJUD HQXQVROR DFWR\D WtWXORXQLYHUVDOGHORV SDWUL
PRQLRVGHODVVRFLHGDGHVTXHGHVDSDUHFHQDODVRFLHGDGUHVXOWDQWH\LLLOD
LQWHJUDFLyQGHORVVRFLRVGHODVVRFLHGDGHVH[WLQJXLGDVHQODVRFLHGDGUHVXO
WDQWHTXHUHFLELUiQFRPRFRQWUDSUHVWDFLyQSRUODWUDQVPLVLyQDpVWDGHORV
SDWULPRQLRVVRFLDOHVGHVXVUHVSHFWLYDVVRFLHGDGHV©XQQ~PHURGHDFFLRQHV
RSDUWLFLSDFLRQHVRXQDFXRWD²GHODVRFLHGDGUHVXOWDQWH²HQSURSRUFLyQ
DVXUHVSHFWLYDSDUWLFLSDFLyQHQDTXHOODVVRFLHGDGHVªDUW/0(\TXH
VRQORVHOHPHQWRVHVHQFLDOHVTXHFDUDFWHUL]DQDODIXVLyQ
3UHFLVDPHQWHSRUORTXHVHrefiere DODFRQWUDSUHVWDFLyQDVRFLDWLYDFRQ
VLVWHQWHHQDFFLRQHVSDUWLFLSDFLRQHVRFXRWDVGHODVRFLHGDGUHVXOWDQWHTXH
SRVLELOLWDODLQWHJUDFLyQHQpVWDGHORVVRFLRVGHODVVRFLHGDGHVH[WLQJXLGDV
OD/0(WUDWDGHGDUUHVSXHVWDDODVdificultades TXHODDSOLFDFLyQGHOFLWDGR
SULQFLSLR GH SURSRUFLRQDOLGDG SODQWHD FRQ UHVSHFWR D OD SDUWLFLSDFLyQ GHO
VRFLR LQGXVWULDO HVWDEOHFLHQGR HQ VX DUW  TXH ©>(@Q HO FDVR GH XQD
VRFLHGDGFRQXQRRPiVVRFLRVLQGXVWULDOHVTXHVHIXVLRQHHQRWUDHQODTXH
QRSXHGDQ H[LVWLUWDOHV VRFLRV ODSDUWLFLSDFLyQGH pVWRVHQHO FDSLWDOGHOD
VRFLHGDGUHVXOWDQWH GHOD IXVLyQVH GHWHUPLQDUiDWULEX\HQGRDFDGDXQR GH
HOORVODSDUWLFLSDFLyQHQHOFDSLWDOGHODVRFLHGDGH[WLQJXLGDFRUUHVSRQGLHQWH
DOD FXRWDGHSDUWLFLSDFLyQ TXHOHKXELHUH VLGRDVLJQDGD HQ ODHVFULWXUD GH
FRQVWLWXFLyQRHQ VXGHIHFWR ODTXHVHFRQYHQJDHQWUHWRGRVORVVRFLRV GH
 -0GÓM E Z POR R Ú A op. cit.,SS
03-CAP3-.indd 75 25/10/11 11:26:31

Para continuar leyendo

Solicita tu prueba

VLEX utiliza cookies de inicio de sesión para aportarte una mejor experiencia de navegación. Si haces click en 'Aceptar' o continúas navegando por esta web consideramos que aceptas nuestra política de cookies. ACEPTAR