Business and human rights in the legal-maritime scenario
| Autor | Gabriela A. Oanta |
| Páginas | 561-591 |
561561
CHAPTER 21
Business and human rights in the
legal-maritime scenario
Gabriela A. OANTA*
* Associate professor of public international law (gabriela.oanta@udc.es). Acade-
mic secretary of the ‘Salvador de Madariaga’ University Institute of European
Studies at the University of A Coruña (Spain). Holder of the Jean Monnet
Module ‘European Union’s Integrated Maritime Policy’ (2016-2174). ORCID
ID: 0000-0002-1098-4758.
Summary: 1. I. 2. O
-
. 3. D
. 3.1. Business, Human Rights and the Sea. 3.2. e Principle of Extrater-
ritoriality. 3.3. e Case Law of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.
4. D
in Fishing Convention 2007 (C. 188). 5. D
- -
. 5.1. e UN Forum on Business and Human Rights. 5.2. Recent Develop-
ments with Dierent International Regional Organizations in Relation to Access
to Remedy in the Case of Business-related Human Rights V iolations. 6. F
.
562 RETOS PRESENTES Y FUTUROS DE LA POLÍTICA MARÍTIMA INTEGRADA DE LA UNIÓN EUROPEA
GABRIELA A. OANTA
1. INTRODUCTION
Today, «business and human rights» is a permanent item on the global
policy agenda, as it is recognized that business can have a profound impact
on human rights. is impact, which can be both positive and negative, has
become more diverse in recent decades and lies at the origin of the inter-
national community’s interest in dening human rights duties for business
enterprises in general and for multinational enterprises in particular.
As is well known, multinational enterprises are not an interna-
tional legal subject under current international law.1 Moreover, inter-
national human rights treaties do not establish direct legal obligations
for international actors; rather, states are the primary party responsible
for breaches of human rights law at the international level. At the same
time, the eects of the actions of multinational enterprises frequent-
ly transcend a state’s national borders. Hence, the once clear division
between these areas is increasingly blurred.2 In the author’s view, in-
1 For a general overview of the status of transnational companies under current
international law, see: D S, O., «La responsibilité des États dans le
contrôle des sociétés transnationales: vers une convention internationale sur la
lutte contre les atteintes aux droits de l’homme commises par les sociétés trans-
nationales: rapport general», in Decaux, E. (dir.), La responsabilité des entreprises
multinationales en matière de droits de l ’homme, Nemesis, Brussels, 2010, pp. 19-
100; K, S., «Recognition and Responsibility: A Legislative Role for
Transnational Corporations in Public International Law – oughts from the
Perspective of Human Rights», Indian Journal of International Economic Law,
Vol. 7, 2015, pp. 117-122; W, D., «Human Rights Standards Con-
cerning Transnational Corporations and Other Business Entities», Minnesota
Journal of International Law, Vol. 23, 2014, núm. 2, pp. 135-171; W, J.,
C A-L., «Multinational Corporations in International Law», in N-
, M., R, A., R, C. (eds.), Non-State Actors in Internation-
al Law, Oxford, Hart Publishing, 2015, pp. 225-251.
2 In this regard, see C, R.E., «Business and human rights: from soft law to
hard law?», Juridical Tribune, Vol. 6, 2016, núm. 2, pp. 228-246, p. 229.
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